Table 1 Foliar mineral ratios in grapevine ‘castellana negra’ plants determined at the end of the trial (75 days after treatment, DAT). Values are presented as means ± standard errors, calculated from leaves collected per plant (n = 4 plants per treatment). The treatments were designated as control, NaCl (90 mM), NaCl (90 mM) + Si (10 mM), and NaCl (90 mM) + proline (10 mM). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by duncan’s post hoc test for mean separation. Within each variable, different letters denote significant differences at p < 0.05.

From: Effectiveness of exogenous silicon and proline on mediating grapevine ‘castellana negra’ responses to salt stress