Fig. 3
From: Immune metabolic changes identify causal candidate genes and enable diagnostic frameworks in MAFLD
Summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis of candidate gene expression and MAFLD risk. Forest plot showing the causal effect estimates for immune cell-derived differentially expressed genes (DEGs) on MAFLD risk using two-sample Mendelian randomization with GWAS summary statistics. The OR (95%CI) represents 95% confidence intervals for each estimate. nsnp indicates the number of instrumental single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) used for each gene in the MR analysis. pval denotes the P-value of the MR causal association test, indicating the statistical significance of the causal relationship between gene expression and MAFLD risk. Genes with significant associations (after multiple testing correction) were prioritized for downstream analyses.
