Fig. 1

Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) plot with parameters \(a = -1.8\) and \(b = 2\): The figure shows the elliptic curve defined by the Weierstrass equation \(y^2 = x^3 + ax + b\), which forms the foundation for elliptic curve cryptographic systems. The shape of the curve ensures the group structure required for secure key generation and exchange.