Table 1 Summary of related works in iage encryption.

From: Cellular automata based key distribution for lightweight hybrid image encryption with elliptic curve cryptography

Author (Year)

Technique / Key Exchange

Remarks

Enayatifar et al. (2014)23

DNA and Logistic Map

High entropy, low correlation; sensitive to parameter selection.

Kari et al. (2021)24

2D Logistic-Sine Chaos

Strong diffusion; lacks formal key management.

Kumar et al. (2021)25

Cellular Automata (Rule-based)

Fast and simple implementation; limited key space.

Alawida et al. (2024)26

AES and Chaotic Map

Lightweight and suitable for IoT; moderate avalanche effect.

Tanksale et al. (2024)27

AES and ECC, ECDH (secp256r1)

Robust key exchange; computationally intensive for constrained platforms.

CAFE (Proposed)

AES, Rule 30 CA and ECDH (Curve25519)

Secure key derivation and lightweight implementation; grayscale-only evaluation.