Table 3 Subgroup analysis of the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in M. morganii clinical isolates.

From: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistant Morganella morganii clinical isolates

Variable

Proportion [95% CI]

p

Heterogeneity

Egger’s test p

Τ2

I2 (%)

H2

p

Overall

0.21 [0.16, 0.27]

 < 0.01

0.40

99.48

191.69

 < 0.01

0.70

Antibiotic

Ciprofloxacin

0.22 [0.16, 0.28]

 < 0.01

0.27

99.40

167.98

 < 0.01

0.82

Levofloxacin

0.25 [0.13, 0.38]

 < 0.01

0.52

99.31

144.78

 < 0.01

0.33

Norfloxacin

0.11 [0.00, 0.95]

 < 0.01

1.90

99.70

337.92

 < 0.01

0.17

Pefloxacin

0.88 [0.68, 1.00]

 < 0.01

–

–

–

–

–

Nalidixic acid

0.27 [0.13, 0.43]

 < 0.01

0.05

51.92

2.08

0.12

0.04

Garenoxacin

0.00 [0.00, 0.17]

 < 0.01

–

–

–

–

–

Ofloxacin

0.09 [0.01, 0.22]

 < 0.01

0.13

94.89

19.56

 < 0.01

0.74

Lomefloxacin

0.03 [0.02, 0.05]

 < 0.01

–

–

–

–

–

Gemifloxacin

0.11 [0.05, 0.18]

 < 0.01

–

–

–

–

–

Trovafloxacin

0.08 [0.02, 0.18]

 < 0.01

0.02

23.27

1.30

0.25

0.59

Fleroxacin

0.02 [0.01, 0.04]

 < 0.01

–

–

–

–

–

Region

Asia

0.35 [0.22, 0.48]

 < 0.01

0.58

99.00

99.68

 < 0.01

0.03

East Asia

0.22 [0.13, 0.34]

 < 0.01

0.20

93.28

14.87

 < 0.01

0.66

Southeast Asia

0.01 [0.00, 0.10]

0.68

0.00

0.00

1.00

1.00

–

West Asia

0.62 [0.52, 0.71]

 < 0.01

0.09

96.66

29.94

 < 0.01

 < 0.01

Africa

0.55 [0.45, 0.65]

 < 0.01

0.00

0.00

1.00

0.41

0.09

Australia

0.04 [0.03, 0.06]

 < 0.01

–

–

–

–

–

Europe

0.09 [0.07, 0.13]

 < 0.01

0.04

92.68

13.65

 < 0.01

0.42

North America

0.11 [0.07, 0.16]

 < 0.01

0.09

98.88

89.07

 < 0.01

0.63

South America

0.36 [0.17, 0.56]

 < 0.01

0.21

89.17

9.23

 < 0.01

 < 0.01

Worldwide*

0.43 [0.27, 0.59]

 < 0.01

0.12

97.00

33.37

 < 0.01

0.36

Publication year

1993–1997

0.02 [0.00, 0.10]

0.19

0.19

99.39

163.55

 < 0.01

0.73

1998–2002

0.11 [0.08, 0.15]

 < 0.01

0.04

84.89

6.62

 < 0.01

0.66

2003–2007

0.11 [0.08, 0.15]

 < 0.01

0.02

96.90

32.23

 < 0.01

0.58

2008–2012

0.21 [0.10, 0.33]

 < 0.01

0.31

96.49

28.51

 < 0.01

0.13

2013–2017

0.30 [0.16, 0.47]

 < 0.01

0.27

87.03

7.71

 < 0.01

0.71

2018–2022

0.37 [0.22, 0.52]

 < 0.01

0.69

99.34

152.62

 < 0.01

0.03

2023–2024

0.33 [0.22, 0.45]

 < 0.01

0.05

90.26

10.27

 < 0.01

0.09

AST method

Disk diffusion

0.15 [0.09, 0.23]

 < 0.01

0.15

84.98

6.66

 < 0.01

0.82

MIC

0.24 [0.16, 0.34]

 < 0.01

0.57

99.67

299.28

 < 0.01

0.42

Disk diffusion and MIC

0.11 [0.07, 0.16]

 < 0.01

0.03

97.54

40.61

 < 0.01

0.13

Other

0.18 [0.07, 0.33]

 < 0.01

0.31

97.66

42.68

 < 0.01

0.59

NR

0.22 [0.00, 0.61]

0.06

0.63

93.21

14.72

 < 0.01

0.25

Sample size

 ≤ 100

0.21 [0.13, 0.30]

 < 0.01

0.40

99.82

540.68

 < 0.01

0.44

 > 100

0.22 [0.16, 0.28]

 < 0.01

0.26

88.93

9.03

 < 0.01

0.46

Study quality

1–4

0.10 [0.00, 0.28]

0.04

0.27

92.64

13.58

 < 0.01

0.25

5–9

0.22 [0.17, 0.28]

 < 0.01

0.38

99.42

173.05

 < 0.05

0.57

Guideline

CLSI

0.18 [0.15, 0.21]

 < 0.01

0.11

98.21

55.91

 < 0.01

0.52

CLSI & EUCAST

0.23 [0.01, 0.56]

0.02

0.29

98.16

54.30

 < 0.01

 < 0.01

EUCAST

0.21 [0.07, 0.39]

 < 0.01

0.11

95.40

21.72

 < 0.01

 < 0.01

NR

0.39 [0.16, 0.65]

 < 0.01

1.07

99.74

388.62

 < 0.01

0.68

Other

0.07 [0.01, 0.17]

 < 0.01

0.00

0.00

1.00

0.54

0.54

Study design

Cohort study

0.06 [0.05, 0.25]

0.15

–

–

–

–

–

Cross-sectional study

0.10 [0.06, 0.15]

 < 0.01

0.14

82.98

5.87

 < 0.01

0.98

Prospective study

0.10 [0.00, 0.38]

0.15

–

–

–

–

–

Retrospective study

0.28 [0.21, 0.36]

 < 0.01

0.38

99.59

242.01

 < 0.01

0.20

Surveillance study

0.01 [0.01, 0.02]

 < 0.01

–

–

–

–

–

  1. AST; Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing, CLSI; Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, EUCAST; The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, NR; Not report, MIC; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration *Worldwide: Samples were from different countries on different continents.
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