Table 2 Damage parameters (mean ± SE) of wheat grains stored in different storage facilities after 60, 120 and 180 days of storage during 2023. For each treatment, means in a column followed by different uppercase letters show significant difference (p ≤ 0.01; Tukey’s HSD test), while means within each row followed by different lowercase letters show significant difference (p ≤ 0.01; Tukey’s HSD test).

Steel bin

1.10 ± 0.15 C c

4.99 ± 0.18 C b

9.31 ± 0.08 D a

811

0.08 ± 0.01 DE c

0.41 ± 0.02 C b

0.89 ± 0.01 C a

1039

0.39 ± 0.06 DE c

1.77 ± 0.07 C b

3.30 ± 0.02 D a

835

Mud bin

1.63 ± 0.11 BC c

6.40 ± 0.22 B b

12.53 ± 0.20 C a

909

0.11 ± 0.01 CD c

0.52 ± 0.02 B b

1.19 ± 0.02 B a

1083

0.59 ± 0.04 CD c

2.31 ± 0.09 B b

4.57 ± 0.07 C a

835

CC bag

2.58 ± 0.15 A c

8.25 ± 0.24 A b

16.13 ± 0.28 B a

887

0.18 ± 0.01 AB c

0.68 ± 0.02 A b

1.54 ± 0.02 A a

1298

0.92 ± 0.06 AB c

3.00 ± 0.09 A b

5.97 ± 0.15 B a

556

PP bag

2.88 ± 0.20 A c

8.68 ± 0.17 A b

17.25 ± 0.20 A a

1469

0.20 ± 0.01 A c

0.71 ± 0.02 A b

1.62 ± 0.02 A a

1701

1.06 ± 0.08 A c

3.22 ± 0.06 A b

6.64 ± 0.08 A a

1540

Jute bag

1.90 ± 0.15 B c

6.66 ± 0.30 B b

13.10 ± 0.30 C a

467

0.13 ± 0.01 BC c

0.54 ± 0.02 B b

1.23 ± 0.03 B a

642

0.70 ± 0.06 BC c

2.47 ± 0.14 B b

4.94 ± 0.12 C a

351

GrainPro PHB

0.31 ± 0.04 D c

1.34 ± 0.14 D b

2.38 ± 0.18 E a

60.2

0.02 ± 0.01 F c

0.08 ± 0.01 D b

0.15 ± 0.01 D a

39.3

0.12 ± 0.02 F c

0.53 ± 0.05 D b

0.93 ± 0.07 E a

62.8

GrainPro SHB

0.43 ± 0.11 D c

1.63 ± 0.11 D b

2.71 ± 0.21 E a

55.5

0.03 ± 0.01 EF c

0.10 ± 0.01 D b

0.17 ± 0.01 D a

33.9

0.17 ± 0.04 EF c

0.64 ± 0.04 D b

1.05 ± 0.08 E a

57.2

UAF HB

0.38 ± 0.04 D c

1.53 ± 0.13 D b

2.64 ± 0.24 E a

49.7

0.02 ± 0.01 F c

0.09 ± 0.01 D b

0.17 ± 0.01 D a

40.2

0.15 ± 0.02 F c

0.59 ± 0.05 D b

1.00 ± 0.10 E a

40.5

F_7,31

60.1

245

799

39.4

276

1083

50.3

194

617

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