Table 4 The within group analysis of patients with DKA stratified by onset (or pseudo-onset) age of DKA and T2D-to-DKA duration.

From: Association of diabetic ketoacidosis and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study

Outcomes

Crude model

Adjusted model*

SHR (95% CI)

P-value

SHR (95% CI)

P-value

DR

    

Stratified by DKA age (year)

18–45

1.00 (REF)

 

1.00 (REF)

 

46–55

1.44 (1.01–2.04)

0.044

1.43 (1.00–2.04)

0.049

56–65

1.29 (0.86–1.93)

0.217

1.27 (0.84–1.92)

0.258

> 65

0.39 (0.23–0.66)

< 0.001

0.38 (0.21–0.67)

0.001

Stratified by T2D-to-DKA duration (month)

0

1.00 (REF)

 

1.00 (REF)

 

1–24

1.90 (1.24–2.92)

0.003

1.91 (1.25–2.94)

0.003

> 24

1.71 (1.19–2.45)

0.004

1.89 (1.30–2.74)

0.001

PDR

    

Stratified by DKA age (year)

18–45

1.00 (REF)

 

1.00 (REF)

 

46–55

1.23 (0.75–1.99)

0.409

1.23 (0.75–2.00)

0.407

56–65

1.17 (0.68–2.02)

0.571

1.14 (0.65–1.98)

0.651

> 65

0.28 (0.13–0.61)

0.001

0.31 (0.13–0.71)

0.006

Stratified by T2D-to-DKA duration (month)

0

1.00 (REF)

 

1.00 (REF)

 

1–24

1.88 (1.09–3.26)

0.023

1.99 (1.15–3.44)

0.013

> 24

1.17 (0.72–1.93)

0.525

1.32 (0.79–2.20)

0.286

NPDR

    

Stratified by DKA age (year)

18–45

1.00 (REF)

 

1.00 (REF)

 

46–55

1.43 (0.92–2.22)

0.112

1.44 (0.93–2.25)

0.105

56–65

1.31 (0.80–2.16)

0.281

1.32 (0.79–2.21)

0.291

> 65

0.46 (0.25–0.85)

0.013

0.46 (0.23–0.91)

0.027

Stratified by T2D-to-DKA duration (month)

0

1.00 (REF)

 

1.00 (REF)

 

1–24

1.77 (1.00–3.13)

0.050

1.77 (1.00–3.15)

0.050

> 24

2.27 (1.43–3.59)

< 0.001

2.59 (1.62–4.14)

< 0.001

PRP

    

Stratified by DKA age (year)

18–45

1.00 (REF)

 

1.00 (REF)

 

46–55

1.30 (0.83–2.02)

0.256

1.28 (0.81–2.01)

0.292

56–65

1.32 (0.80–2.16)

0.279

1.29 (0.77–2.16)

0.326

> 65

0.27 (0.13–0.57)

0.001

0.28 (0.13–0.62)

0.002

Stratified by T2D-to-DKA duration (month)

0

1.00 (REF)

 

1.00 (REF)

 

1–24

1.33 (0.79–2.24)

0.285

1.39 (0.82–2.35)

0.215

> 24

1.19 (0.77–1.84)

0.432

1.35 (0.86–2.12)

0.190

  1. * Adjusted for income level, CKD, COPD, smoking, obesity, use of antiplatelets/anticoagulation and use of statin. T2D: type 2 diabetes. DKA: diabetic ketoacidosis. DR: diabetic retinopathy. PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy. NPDR: nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. PRP: panretional photocoagulation. SHR: subdistribution hazard ratio. CI: confidence interval.
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