Table 1 Participant characteristics.
From: Association between toothbrushing habits and hypertension in the general population
Variables | All participants (N = 940) | Hypertension group (N = 529) | Non‒Hypertension group (N = 411) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 67 ± 11 | 70 ± 10 | 63 ± 11 | < 0.001 |
Men/Women | 361/579 | 230/299 | 131/280 | < 0.001 |
Height (cm) | 157 ± 9 | 157 ± 10 | 158 ± 9 | 0.113 |
Weight (kg) | 58 ± 11 | 59 ± 11 | 56 ± 10 | < 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.2 ± 3.4 | 24.0 ± 2.5 | 22.4 ± 3.1 | < 0.001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 132 ± 17 | 141 ± 16 | 121 ± 11 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 78 ± 11 | 81 ± 11 | 73 ± 8 | < 0.001 |
Medications | ||||
Antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | 361 (38) | 361 (68) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
Hypoglycemic drugs, n (%) | 76 (8) | 64 (12) | 12 (3) | < 0.001 |
Lipid-lowering drugs, n (%) | 193 (21) | 141 (27) | 52 (13) | < 0.001 |
Smoking history, n (%) | 291 (31) | 179 (34) | 112 (27) | 0.033 |
Education history (years) | 12 [11, 14] | 12 [10, 13] | 12 [12, 14] | < 0.001 |
Total energy (Kcal/day) | 1877 ± 586 | 1918 ± 578 | 1824 ± 592 | 0.014 |
Sugar intake (g/1000 kcal) | 6.2 ± 4.1 | 6.2 ± 4.3 | 6.2 ± 3.8 | 0.9153 |
Sodium intake (g/1000 kcal) | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 0.3762 |
Number of teeth | 25 [17, 27] | 23 [13, 27] | 26 [21, 28] | < 0.001 |
Tongue coating scores | 5 [4, 7] | 6 [5, 8] | 5 [4, 7] | 0.004 |
