Table 4 Multivariable logistic regression analysis for hypertension with each toothbrushing timing or toothbrushing frequency ≥ 3 times per day and other factors as dependent variables.

From: Association between toothbrushing habits and hypertension in the general population

 

Odds ratio

95% confidence interval

P value

Model 1

   

 Upon waking

1.102

0.821‒1.478

0.519

 Before breakfast

1.040

0.619‒1.749

0.882

 After breakfast

0.604

0.444‒0.823

0.001

 After lunch

0.769

0.580‒1.018

0.066

 Before dinner

0.566

0.266‒1.206

0.141

 After dinner

1.069

0.806‒1.417

0.645

 Before sleeping

0.983

0.742‒1.302

0.905

 Toothbrushing frequency ≥ 3 times per day

0.735

0.554‒0.973

0.032

Model 2

   

 Upon waking

1.065

0.781‒1.453

0.691

 Before breakfast

1.026

0.598‒1.760

0.925

 After breakfast

0.688

0.496‒0.954

0.025

 After lunch

0.907

0.669‒1.231

0.532

 Before dinner

0.670

0.309‒1.569

0.382

 After dinner

1.111

0.824‒1.498

0.492

 Before sleeping

0.990

0.736‒1.332

0.947

 Toothbrushing frequency ≥ 3 times per day

0.869

0.640‒1.179

0.367

  1. Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex.
  2. Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking history, use of hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering medications, years of education, and total energy intake per day, and sugar and sodium intakes per 1000 kcal.
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