Table 5 Multivariable logistic regression analysis for hypertension with each toothbrushing timing or toothbrushing frequency ≥ 3 times per day and other factors as dependent variables.

	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	P value
Non-older participants (age < 65 years)
Model 1
Upon waking	0.746	0.454‒1.223	0.245
Before breakfast	2.588	0.966‒6.935	0.059
After breakfast	0.768	0.462‒1.277	0.309
After lunch	0.854	0.533‒1.368	0.511
Before dinner	0.416	0.085‒2.033	0.279
After dinner	1.029	0.631‒1.677	0.909
Before sleeping	1.300	0.804‒2.103	0.285
Toothbrushing frequency ≥ 3 times per day	0.878	0.546‒1.412	0.591
Model 2
Upon waking	0.636	0.370‒1.094	0.102
Before breakfast	2.606	0.926‒7.334	0.070
After breakfast	0.893	0.513‒1.555	0.690
After lunch	1.118	0.649‒1.926	0.686
Before dinner	0.543	0.107‒2.754	0.461
After dinner	1.021	0.604‒1.726	0.938
Before sleeping	1.330	0.796‒2.221	0.276
Toothbrushing frequency ≥ 3 times per day	1.090	0.636‒1.869	0.753
Older participants (age ≥ 65 years)
Model 1
Upon waking	1.347	0.925‒1.962	0.121
Before breakfast	0.741	0.742‒2.452	0.326
After breakfast	0.533	0.358‒0.794	0.002
After lunch	0.724	0.509‒1.029	0.072
Before dinner	0.614	0.252‒1.495	0.283
After dinner	1.065	0.751‒1.508	0.725
Before sleeping	0.853	0.601‒1.210	0.373
Toothbrushing frequency ≥ 3 times per day	0.666	0.468‒0.947	0.024
Model 2
Upon waking	1.391	0.934‒2.072	0.105
Before breakfast	0.738	0.395‒1.377	0.339
After breakfast	0.602	0.395‒0.917	0.018
After lunch	0.802	0.549‒1.172	0.255
Before dinner	0.744	0.283‒1.960	0.550
After dinner	1.157	0.797‒1.679	0.444
Before sleeping	0.844	0.581‒1.227	0.375
Toothbrushing frequency ≥ 3 times per day	0.768	0.525‒1.123	0.173

Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex.
Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking history, use of hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering medications, years of education, and total energy intake per day, and sugar and sodium intakes per 1000 kcal.

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