Table 5 Economic analysis between standard RO and the proposed ROKSM model.
From: Enhancing mass transfer in RO membranes powered by tidal energy using static mixers: a CFD study
Parameter | Standard RO | ROKSM |
|---|---|---|
Plant Capacity | 10,000 m3/day (3.65 M m3/year) | 10,000 m³/day (3.65 M m³/year) |
Water Flux | 13 m/h | 16 m/h (23% higher) |
Membrane Area | 32,051 m² | 26,042 m² (18.75% reduction) |
Capital Costs (CapEx) | ||
Membrane Modules | 1.6 M$ ($50/m2 × 32,051 m2) | 1.3 M$ ($50/m2 × 26,042 m2) |
Pumps and ERDs | 2.0 M$ | 2.2 M$ (higher due to pressure drop) |
Tidal Energy Infrastructure | 0 $ | 1.5 M$ |
Other Infrastructure | 3.0 M$ | 3.0 M$ |
Total CapEx | 6.6 M$ | 8.0 M$ |
Annualized CapEx (20 years, 5%) | 530,000 $/year | 642,000 $/year |
Operational Costs (OpEx) | ||
Energy | 1.095 M$ (2.5 kWh/m3 × $0.12/kWh) | 410,625$ (2.25 kWh/m3 × 0.05 $/kWh) |
Maintenance (2% of CapEx) | 132,000 $ | 160,000 $ |
Membrane Replacement (20%/year) | 320,000 $ | 260,000$ |
Total OpEx | 1.547 M$/year | 830,625 $/year |
LCOW | 0.568 $/m³ | 0.403 $/m3 (29% lower) |
