Table 3 Effect of diatomite (DM), potassium silicate (PS), and silica-nanoparticles (SNP) on growth and flowering of Brunfelsia grandiflora in 2022 and 2023 seasons.

From: Modulation of biochemical constituents, nutritional status, growth and flowering of Brunfelsia grandiflora via supplying diverse silicon sources

Variable

Plant height (cm)

Branches number plant–1

Leaves number plant–1

leaf area (cm2)

Flowers number plant–1

Season of 2022

 DM2.5

137.5bc

15.5bc

305.0bc

46.34ab

149.0c

 DM5

130.0 cd

15.0c

294.0b-d

45.33bc

137.0d

 DM10

126.5de

14.0c

278.0c-e

44.66b-d

130.0e

 PS1

125.0de

12.5 cd

270.0c-e

43.33b-d

120.0f

 PS2

123.0de

11.8 cd

265.0de

42.50 cd

115.0f

 PS3

119.5e

10.5d

243.0ef

42.00de

109.0 g

 SNP100

149.8a

23.0a

393.0a

51.66a

173.0a

 SNP200

144.7ab

20.0a

370.0a

49.00a

165.0b

 SNP300

139.4b

19.5ab

325.0b

46.83ab

160.0b

 CKT

98.0f

10.0d

225.0f

39.33e

65.0 h

Season of 2023

 DM2.5

128.2bc

14.0bc

287.0d

44.60a-c

142.0c

 DM5

120.7 cd

13.5bc

276.0d

42.00bc

130.0d

 DM10

117.2de

12.5 cd

258.0e

41.00b-d

123.0e

 PS1

118.7de

11.0c-e

244.0f

40.00b-d

113.0f

 PS2

113.7de

10.3c-e

232.0 fg

38.44 cd

108.0 fg

 PS3

110.2e

9.0de

220.0 g

35.70 cd

102.0 g

 SNP100

140.5a

21.5a

370.0a

49.20a

166.0a

 SNP200

135.4ab

19.0a

347.0b

48.30ab

158.0b

 SNP300

130.1b

18.0ab

312.0c

46.50a-c

153.0b

 CK

88.7f

8.0e

202.0 h

32.00d

58.0 h

  1. DM2.5, DM5 and DM10 are application 2.5, 5 and 10% of diatomite, respectively; PS1, PS2 and PS3 are application of potassium silicate at a rate of 1, 2 and 3 g L–1, respectively; SNP100, SNP200 and SNP300 are application of silica-nanoparticles at a rate of 100, 200, and 300 mg L− 1, respectively; CK is check treatment. Values are means of 3 replicates ± SE; the same alphabets means that statistically non-significant by Duncan’s new multiple range test at p < 0.05.
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