Table 4 Performance comparison between this work and previously reported shadow filter designs.

Number of active devices

6-MI-OTA

7-CDTA

1-CCII, 3-CDCTA

2- DCCCTA

4-OTA

3-VDDDA

Realization

CMOS structure

CMOS structure

CMOS structure & commercial IC

CMOS structure & commercial IC

CMOS structure

CMOS structure & commercial IC

Number capacitors

2-C, 1-R

2-C

2-C

2-C, 2-R

2-C, 1-R

1-R, 2-C

Type of filter

MIMO

SIMO

SIMO

SIMO

SIMO

SIMO

Operation mode

VM

CM

CM

MM

VM

VM

Number of offered responses

10

3

5

10 (CM, TAM)

3

5

Offer both non-inverting and inverting transfer functions

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

Tuning ω_o or Q without affecting the passband magnitude

Yes

No

No

No

Yes

No

All grounded capacitors

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Simulated power supply (V)

0.5

± 0.9

± 1.25

± 1.7

0.45

± 0.9

Power dissipation (µW)

0.35

8.53 × 10³

2.23 × 10³

2.5 × 10³

81 × 10^− 3

–

Natural frequency (Hz)

31.2

31 × 10⁶

81.2 × 10⁶

6.57 × 10⁶

106

1.044 × 10⁶

Dynamic range [dB]

40

–

64.11

–

54.5

–

Total harmonic distortion (%)

0.3@20mV_pp

< 5@100µA

1@400.53µA

< 2@400µA

1@100mV

1@280mV_pp

Verification of result

Post-layout/Exp

Sim/Post-layout

Sim/Exp

Sim/Exp

Sim

Sim/Exp