Table 3 Multiple regression results for TAM across the three training conditions.

PU = β₀ + β₁PEOU + e

a. Predictors: (Constant), PEOU

Current e-learning

Model

.064

.012

.388

.283

PEOU

.252

1.106

.283

Gamification

Model

.320

.277

.313

.015**

PEOU

.565

2.741

.015**

Gamification-based mental model

Model

.053

-.010

.361

.374

PEOU

.230

.916

.374

AT = β₀ + β₁PU + β₂PEOU + e

a. Predictors: (Constant), PU, PEOU

Current e-learning

Model

.248

.159

.731

.089

PEOU

.295

1.358

.192

PU

.333

1.532

.144

Gamification

Model

.653

.607

.393

 < .001***

PEOU

.501

2.718

.016**

PU

.412

2.234

.041**

Gamification-based mental model

Model

.057

-.078

.450

.666

PEOU

.240

.901

.383

PU

-.098

-.366

.720

BI = β₀ + β₁AT + β₂PU + e

a. Predictors: (Constant), AT, PU

Current e-learning

Model

.582

.533

.326

 < .001***

PU

.140

.814

.427

AT

.695

4.050

 < .001***

Gamification

Model

.400

.320

.454

.022**

PU

.323

1.162

.264

AT

.363

1.307

.211

Gamification-based mental model

Model

.704

.662

.190

 < .001***

PU

.044

.302

.767

AT

.840

5.771

 < .001***