Fig. 1

Salivary chromogranin A (CgA) levels during early orthodontic treatment. Line graph showing mean salivary CgA concentrations at baseline (T0), one week (T1), and one month (T2) after initiation of fixed orthodontic treatment. Error bars represent mean ± s.d. (n = 25). Statistical significance was assessed using repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction.