Table 7 Comparison of algorithms in the IEEE 8-bus system and percentage improvement of the proposed metaheuristics.

From: Performance evaluation of advanced metaheuristic algorithms for directional overcurrent relay coordination in distribution networks

Method

Objective Function (s)

NOA (%)

ZOA (%)

AVOA (%)

TSO (%)

ARO (%)

LM69

11.065

52.01

58.34

65.30

65.66

74.15

GA70

11.001

51.73

58.09

65.09

65.46

74.00

HGA-LP70

10.950

51.51

57.90

64.93

65.30

73.88

BBO68

10.549

49.66

56.30

63.60

63.98

72.89

JAYA71

10.232

48.10

54.95

62.47

62.86

72.05

MFO44

9.545

44.37

51.70

59.77

60.19

70.04

BBO-LP68

8.756

39.36

47.35

56.14

56.60

67.34

FODMFO44

8.656

38.66

46.74

55.64

56.10

66.96

SA63

8.427

36.99

45.29

54.43

54.91

66.06

WOA24

8.029

33.86

42.58

52.17

52.67

64.38

QIAWOA24

7.723

31.24

40.31

50.28

50.80

62.97

NOA

5.310

0.00

13.18

27.68

28.44

46.14

ZOA

4.610

−15.18

0.00

16.70

17.57

37.96

AVOA

3.840

−38.28

−20.05

0.00

1.04

25.52

TSO

3.800

−39.74

−21.32

−1.05

0.00

24.74

ARO

2.860

−85.66

−61.19

−34.27

−32.87

0.00

  1. Note: Each entry in row i and column j represents the percentage change in the objective function of algorithm j with respect to algorithm i, computed as \((F_i - F_j)/F_i \times 100\). The diagonal is zero. Upper-triangular entries (to the right of the diagonal) are positive when the column algorithm achieves a lower objective value (improvement) than the row algorithm; lower-triangular entries are the corresponding negatives.
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