Table 1 Results of treatment for spontaneous bleeding in patients with and without extravasation on CT (n = 227).
Parameters | No extravasation (n = 98) | With extravasation (n = 129) | Total | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (M/F), n (%) | 26 (27)/72 (73) | 16 (12)/113 (88) | 42 (19)/185 (81) | 0.011 | |
Age (year), M (SD) | 70.2 (11.0) | 72.9 (11.3) | 71.7 (11.2) | 0.066 | |
BMI, M (SD) | 30 (6.8) | 30 (6.7) | 30 (6.7) | 0.991 | |
Time from the start of anticoagulant therapy to hematoma detection (days), M (SD) | 10.1 (7.9) | 10.0 (5.3) | 10.1 (6.5) | 0.933 | |
Time from COVID-19 onset to hematoma detection (days), M (SD) | 16.0 (8.4) | 15.4 (5.8) | 15.7 (7.1) | 0.501 | |
Anticoagulant therapy | |||||
Anticoagulant therapy | Unfractionated heparin, n (%) | 15 (15) | 19 (15) | 34 (15) | > 0.999 |
Low molecular weight heparin, n (%) | 85 (87) | 115 (90) | 200 (88) | 0.606 | |
Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOAC), n (%) | 6 (6.1) | 8 (6.2) | 14 (6.2) | > 0.999 | |
Therapeutic dose, n (%) | 93 (95) | 122 (95) | 215 (95) | > 0.999 | |
Prophylactic dose, n (%) | 4 (4.1) | 2 (1.6) | 6 (2.7) | 0.453 | |
Plasma, n (%) | 17 (17) | 55 (43) | 72 (32) | < 0.001 | |
RBC transfusion, n (%) | 49 (50) | 103 (80) | 152 (67) | < 0.001 | |
APTT at the time of bleeding (s), Me [Q1, Q3] | 30.4 [26.1;38.3] | 32.1 [27.3;39.6] | 32.0 [26.7;39.0] | 0.541 | |
INR at the time of bleeding, M (SD) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.3) | 0.2 | |
Min hemoglobin level (g/l), M (SD) | 74.8 (18.2) | 67.4 (17.1) | 70.6 (17.9) | 0.002 | |
Multifocal hematoma, n (%) | 8 (8.2) | 10 (7.8) | 18 (7.9) | > 0.999 | |
Hematoma location | Anterior abdominal wall, n (%) | 45 (46) | 71 (55) | 116 (51) | 0.22 |
Thoracic wall, n (%) | 25 (26) | 27 (21) | 52 (23) | 0.513 | |
Retroperitoneal space, n (%) | 21 (21) | 37 (29) | 58 (26) | 0.277 | |
Pelvis, n (%) | 14 (14) | 36 (28) | 50 (22) | 0.022 | |
Lower limb, n (%) | 6 (6.1%) | 1 (0.8%) | 7 (3.1%) | 0.055 | |
Peritoneal cavity, n (%) | 2 (2.0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 3 (1.3%) | 0.81 | |
Neck, n (%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0.89 | |
Max hematoma volume (ml), Me [Q1, Q3] | 620.0 [400;1000] | 850.0 [550;1400] | 956 [478;1267] | < 0.001 | |
ICU before bleeding, n (%) | 38 (39) | 56 (44) | 94 (42) | 0.538 | |
Vasopressor therapy before onset of bleeding, n (%) | 15 (15) | 55 (43) | 70 (31) | < 0.001 | |
Artificial ventilation before onset of bleeding, n (%) | 8 (8.2) | 20 (16) | 28 (12) | 0.144 | |
Pron position before onset of bleeding, n (%) | 60 (61) | 57 (44) | 117 (52) | 0.016 | |
NEWS2 (points), M (SD) | 4.4 (2.6) | 5.4 (2.7) | 4.9 (2.7) | 0.007 | |
SOFA (points), Me [Q1, Q3] | 3 [0;4] | 3 [2;6] | 3 [0;5] | < 0.001 | |
APACHE II (points), Me [Q1, Q3] | 7 [0;14] | 16 [8;22] | 12 [0;20] | < 0.001 | |
Hospital stay (days), M (SD) | 15.6 (12.4) | 14.1 (7.5) | 14.9 (10.4) | 0.06 | |
30-day mortality, n (%) | 29 (30) | 66 (51) | 95 (42) | 0.002 | |
