Table 5 Optimal sizing and placement of capacitor banks and PVRES: energy losses, minimum bus voltage (pu), and reduction rates for scenario 3 across various distribution networks.
Optimal Sizing and Placement of Capacitor Banks (CB) and Photovoltaic (PV) | Lowest bus voltage (pu) | Energy loss (kWh) | Energy loss reduction (%) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
– | 9 CB and 6 PVRES for IEEE 33 | 18 CB and 10 PVRES for IEEE 69 | 25 CB and 20 PVRES for ZB-ALG-Hassi Sida 157 | IEEE 33 | IEEE 69 | ZB-ALG-Hassi Sida 157 | IEEE 33 | IEEE 69 | ZB-ALG-Hassi Sida 157 | IEEE 33 | IEEE 69 | ZB-ALG-Hassi Sida 157 | ||
Base case | – | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.89 | 3567.7 | 3797 | 17,995 | – | ||||||
Senario 1 | – | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.87 | 3831.3 | 4085.7 | 19,367 | – | ||||||
Techniques | WOA | PV buses | 7 -11-16 18-29- 33 | 12-13-21-24 28-60-61-62 63-65 | 18-25-38-55-70-74-79-82-98-104 106-114-123-127-130-133-141 153-157 | 0.937 | 0.921 | 0.919 | 1681.6 | 1777.8 | 7226.9 | 56.1 | 56.48 | 62.68 |
CB buses | 16-17 31-32 33 | 21-22-23-24 57-58-59-61 62-63-64-65 | 19-22-25-28-29-30-32-72-78-87 94-101-107-112-118-124-129 134-137-142-144-147-150-153 156 | |||||||||||
CB Size | 150-150 150-150 150 | 150-50-50-150 50-150-100-150 150-100-50-50 | 150-150-50-150-100-150-100 150-150-100-150-150-150-150 150-150-150-150-150-150-50 150-150-150-150 | |||||||||||
PSO | PV buses | 8-13-17 29-31-32 | 10-11-18-20 24-58-60-63 64-65 | 16-20-24-37-52-53-55-57-61-79 83-85-99-114-116-118-121-127 141 | 0.934 | 0.928 | 0.915 | 1682.3 | 1823.5 | 7919.7 | 56.09 | 55.36 | 59.10 | |
CB buses | 14-15 16-17 31-32-33 | 19-21-22-23 25-26-27-57 58-59-60-61 62-63 | 19-22-25-29-32-72-78-87-94-101 107-112-118-124-129-134-13 142-153-156 | |||||||||||
CB Size | 150-50 100-100 100-150-150 | 100-100-50-50 100-100-100-50 100-150-150-100 100-100 | 150-150-100-100-50-100-100 150-150-100-150-100-150-150 150-150-150-100-150-100 | |||||||||||
GWO | PV buses | 9-13-16 29-30-32 | 6-10-48-55 58-60-61-62 63-65 | 7-11-17-18-19-20-27-43-53-59 63-72-76-85-88-93-133-145-157 | 0.937 | 0.924 | 0.917 | 1626.8 | 1637.8 | 7853 | 57.53 | 59.91 | 59.45 | |
CB buses | 13-15 16-18 31-32-33 | 19-20-22-23 25-59-60-61 62-64-65 | 19-22-25-30-72-78-87-94-101 107-112-118-124-129-134-137 142-153 | |||||||||||
CB Size | 150-50 100-100 150-150-150 | 50-150-100-50 100-150-100-150 50-150-150 | 150-150-150-150-50-100-150-50 150-100-150-150-150-150-150 150-50-100 | |||||||||||
EM-BT | PV buses | 10-14-17 29-31-32 | 19-24-58-59 60-61-62-63 64-65 | 10-28-38-43-57-58-60-63-69-85 89-104-106-115-117-118-120-123 | 0.933 | 0.928 | 0.923 | 1624.4 | 1412 | 7131 | 57.60 | 65.44 | 63.17 | |
CB buses | 13-14 16-31 32-33 | 21-23-24-25 26-27-57-58 59-60-61-62 63-64-65 | 19-22-25-29-30-32-72-78-87-94 101-107-112-118-124-129-134 137-142-150-153-156 | |||||||||||
CB Size | 150-150 150-150 150-150 | 100-50-50-50 100-50-150-100 150-150-150-150 100-150-150 | 150-150-150-150-150-150-150 150-150-150-150-150-150-150 150-150-150-150-100-100-150 150 | |||||||||||
