Table 4 Monthly fluctuations in wind characteristics for Arar.

From: Wind energy assessment and hybrid micro-grid optimization for selected regions of Saudi Arabia

Month

\(\:{\varvec{V}}_{\varvec{m}\varvec{i}\varvec{n}}\)

(m/s)

\(\:{\varvec{V}}_{\varvec{m}\varvec{a}\varvec{x}}\)

(m/s)

\(\:{\varvec{V}}_{\varvec{m}}\)

(m/s)

\(\:\varvec{c}\)

\(\:(\varvec{m}/\varvec{s})\)

k

\(\:\varvec{p}\)

\(\:\left(\raisebox{1ex}{$\varvec{w}$}\!\left/\:\!\raisebox{-1ex}{${\varvec{m}}^{2}$}\right.\right)\)

RMSE

\(\:{\varvec{R}}^{2}\)

Jan.

4.88

6.5

5.6036

5.8332

12.3191

121.8901

0.0012152

1.0039

Feb.

4.6

6.04

5.52

5.6983

17.1635

116.5134

0.0043648

0.99236

Mar.

5.59

6.65

6.0873

6.2582

18.3874

156.2524

0.0046284

0.99227

Apr.

5.29

6.35

5.8055

5.9676

18.5091

135.5399

0.0049001

0.99215

May

5.45

6.19

5.8036

5.917

26.7855

135.4126

0.012322

0.95058

Jun.

5.18

6.28

5.7673

5.9273

19.9289

132.8832

0.0085468

0.9892

Jul.

4.91

6.77

5.7064

5.956

10.8007

128.7173

0.0064246

0.98753

Aug.

4.63

6.64

5.3682

5.655

8.8071

107.1618

0.0030248

0.99576

Sept.

4.43

5.27

4.8118

4.9368

19.6799

77.1767

0.0095409

0.98173

Oct.

4.09

5.8

5.0473

5.2546

12.66

89.0695

0.0012068

1.0036

Nov.

Dec.

4.46

4.09

5.36

5.41

4.9509

5.0036

5.0675

5.1657

22.679

17.8547

84.0646

86.7792

0.0083875

0.0025265

0.98721

1.0086