Table 5 Monthly fluctuations in wind characteristics for Qassim.

From: Wind energy assessment and hybrid micro-grid optimization for selected regions of Saudi Arabia

Year

\(\:{\varvec{V}}_{\varvec{m}\varvec{i}\varvec{n}}\)

(m/s)

\(\:{\varvec{V}}_{\varvec{m}\varvec{a}\varvec{x}}\)

(m/s)

\(\:{\varvec{V}}_{\varvec{m}}\)

(m/s)

\(\:\varvec{c}\)

\(\:(\varvec{m}/\varvec{s})\)

k

\(\:\varvec{p}\)

\(\:\left(\raisebox{1ex}{$\varvec{w}$}\!\left/\:\!\raisebox{-1ex}{${\varvec{m}}^{2}$}\right.\right)\)

RMSE

\(\:{\varvec{R}}^{2}\)

Jan.

5.91

6.79

6.2855

6.4144

24.2069

172.0159

0.013063

0.95826

Feb.

5.66

7.23

6.5145

6.7205

17.0796

191.5185

0.0030016

1.0002

Mar.

6.24

6.8

6.5664

6.6441

48.6019

196.1251

0.0054619

1.0526

Apr.

5.1

7.16

6.2118

6.4844

11.9541

166.0407

0.0044332

0.99585

May

5.23

6.7

5.9564

6.1539

15.2746

146.3869

0.0017412

1.0066

Jun.

5.27

6.13

5.7764

5.8999

26.9297

133.5125

0.003825

1.0085

Jul.

4.91

6.42

5.6782

5.8747

14.7657

126.8196

0.0020444

0.99868

Aug.

4.84

6.19

5.6873

5.8607

18.6797

127.4297

0.0084802

0.98489

Sept.

4.84

5.91

5.3927

5.546

18.9942

108.6385

0.0025227

1.0073

Oct.

5.18

6.3

5.6745

5.8316

18.311

126.5761

0.0014506

1.0063

Nov.

Dec.

5.62

5.67

6.67

6.68

6.1509

6.1418

6.287

6.2809

23.6358

21.5811

161.2042

160.4905

0.010149

0.010504

0.97285

0.96761