Table 2 Comparison of ECM models1,29.
ECM Model | Circuit | Merits | Demerits |
|---|---|---|---|
Rint |
| Simple structure with low computational difficulty | Does not characterize the dynamic response of the battery |
Thevenin |
| The high expanding ability makes it highly preferred for EV application | The aging of the battery and variation in temperature have a significant effect on battery model accuracy. |
PNGV |
| Consideration effect of electro-chemistry | Negligence of Impedance characteristics at minimized frequency. Polarization response is poor |
GNL |
| Consideration of over and under-discharge effect and self-discharge effect | Not suitable for EV application due to high mathematical complexity. Adjustment of parameters is difficult. |
