Table 8 Field performance of automatic of seedlings placement.

From: Development and optimization of an automatic transplanting device for plug tray vegetable seedlings using embedded system

Parameter

Value ± standard deviation

Coefficeint of variation (%)

Deviation from theoretical value

Intra row distance of seedlings, mm

452.0 ± 18.6

4.11

+ 2.0

Transplantation depth, mm

32.7 ± 3.4

10.39

+ 2.7

Missed transplanting, %

9.5 ± 5.7

60.00

+ 9.5

Vertical seedling position, º

87.4 ± 2.4

5.49

−2.6

Successfully covered seedlings (Cover 1), %

96.9 ± 1.9

1.96

−4.6

Partially covered seedlings (Cover 2), %

2.6 ± 1.6

61.50

+ 2.6

Excessively covered seedlings (Cover 3), %

0.5 ± 1.0

200.00

+ 0.5

Survival ratio of seedlings, %

99.2 ± 0.9

0.90

−0.8

Transplanting efficiency, %

93.7 ± 5.2

5.55

−6.3