Table 1 General characteristics of included participants (n = 45,250) according to the presence or absence of hypertension.
From: Association between cardiometabolic index and hypertension among US adults from NHANES 1999–2020
Characteristic | Overall (n = 45,250) | Hypertension | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Without (n = 21,197) | With (n = 24,053) | |||
Age, years | 45.00 (32.00, 57.00) | 37.00 (28.00, 49.00) | 52.00 (41.00, 64.00) | < 0.01 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 28.78 ± 0.07 | 27.20 ± 0.07 | 30.47 ± 0.08 | < 0.01 |
Waist circumference, cm | 98.32 ± 0.17 | 93.41 ± 0.18 | 103.59 ± 0.19 | < 0.01 |
Height, cm | 168.94 ± 0.08 | 168.81 ± 0.10 | 169.08 ± 0.11 | 0.04 |
SBP, mmHg | 121.54 ± 0.15 | 111.72 ± 0.11 | 132.07 ± 0.18 | < 0.01 |
DBP, mmHg | 71.75 ± 0.14 | 67.21 ± 0.12 | 76.61 ± 0.18 | < 0.01 |
TC, mmol/L | 5.05 ± 0.01 | 4.93 ± 0.01 | 5.18 ± 0.01 | < 0.01 |
TG, mmol/L | 1.31 (0.88, 2.01) | 1.14 (0.79, 1.73) | 1.52 (1.03, 2.30) | < 0.01 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.37 ± 0.00 | 1.39 ± 0.01 | 1.34 ± 0.00 | < 0.01 |
CMI | 0.58 (0.32, 1.08) | 0.46 (0.27, 0.85) | 0.73 (0.41, 1.30) | < 0.01 |
Sex | < 0.01 | |||
Female | 49.99% (48.24%, 51.74%) | 53.41% (52.70%, 54.13%) | 46.32% (45.50%, 47.13%) | |
Male | 50.01% (48.29%, 51.73%) | 46.59% (45.87%, 47.30%) | 53.68% (52.87%, 54.50%) | |
Race | < 0.01 | |||
Non-Hispanic White | 66.94% (63.10%,70.78%) | 66.06% (64.09%,68.03%) | 67.88% (65.77%,70.00%) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 10.90% (10.00%,11.80%) | 9.03% (8.17%, 9.89%) | 12.91% (11.59%,14.22%) | |
Mexican American | 8.77% (7.80%, 9.74%) | 10.45% (9.27%,11.64%) | 6.96% (6.00%, 7.93%) | |
Other hispanic | 6.08% (5.27%, 6.88%) | 6.89% (5.97%,7.81%) | 5.20% (4.42%,5.99%) | |
Other | 7.32% (6.73%, 7.90%) | 7.57% (6.90%,8.24%) | 7.04% (6.38%,7.70%) | |
Marital status | < 0.01 | |||
Never married | 18.84% (17.99%, 19.69%) | 24.49% (23.28%, 25.71%) | 12.77% (12.08%, 13.46%) | |
Married/Living with partner | 64.05% (61.44%, 66.66%) | 62.86% (61.68%, 64.03%) | 65.34% (64.31%, 66.37%) | |
Widowed/divorced/separated | 17.11% (16.33%, 17.89%) | 12.65% (12.06%, 13.24%) | 21.89% (21.11%, 22.67%) | |
Educational level | < 0.01 | |||
Less than high school | 5.55% (5.15%, 5.95%) | 4.83% (4.41%, 5.25%) | 6.32% (5.79%, 6.84%) | |
High school or equivalent | 35.24% (33.55%, 36.93%) | 32.38% (31.05%, 33.72%) | 38.31% (37.13%, 39.49%) | |
More than high school | 59.21% (56.89%, 61.53%) | 62.79% (61.27%, 64.30%) | 55.37% (54.06%, 56.69%) | |
Smoking status | < 0.01 | |||
Never | 54.70% (52.86%, 56.54%) | 57.70% (56.41%, 58.99%) | 51.48% (50.50%, 52.46%) | |
Current | 21.52% (20.50%, 22.55%) | 22.75% (21.73%, 23.77%) | 20.21% (19.49%, 20.93%) | |
Former | 23.78% (22.61%, 24.95%) | 19.56% (18.64%, 20.47%) | 28.31% (27.49%, 29.12%) | |
Diabetes mellitus | < 0.01 | |||
No | 81.22% (78.43%, 84.01%) | 89.90% (89.31%, 90.50%) | 71.91% (71.01%, 72.81%) | |
Prediabetes | 6.91% (6.45%, 7.37%) | 4.97% (4.56%, 5.37%) | 9.00% (8.41%, 9.59%) | |
Yes | 11.87% (11.34%, 12.39%) | 5.13% (4.74%, 5.52%) | 19.09% (18.43%, 19.75%) | |
CVD | < 0.01 | |||
No | 92.70% (89.65%, 95.76%) | 97.16% (96.84%, 97.49%) | 87.92% (87.30%, 88.54%) | |
Yes | 7.30% (6.82%, 7.77%) | 2.84% (2.51%, 3.16%) | 12.08% (11.46%, 12.70%) | |
CKD | < 0.01 | |||
No | 87.46% (84.47%, 90.46%) | 93.73% (93.31%, 94.14%) | 80.75% (80.02%, 81.48%) | |
Yes | 12.54% (11.97%, 13.10%) | 6.27% (5.86%, 6.69%) | 19.25% (18.52%, 19.98%) | |
