Table 3 Direct, indirect and total effects of the hypothesized model.

Path relationship		Point estimate	Product of coefficient		Bootstrapping
			Product of coefficient		Bias-corrected 95% CI		Percentile 95% CI
			SE	t	Lower	upper	lower	upper
Test of indirect, direct and total effects
DistalIE	TS→ASE→PR→LE	0.011	0.005	2.200	0.004	0.026	0.004	0.023
ASEIE	TS→ASE→LE	0.056	0.014	4.000	0.033	0.092	0.030	0.086
PRIE	TS→PR→LE	0.034	0.013	2.615	0.014	0.066	0.012	0.062
TIE	Total indirect effect	0.102	0.022	4.636	0.064	0.151	0.059	0.144
DE	TS→LE	0.400	0.057	7.018	0.291	0.511	0.294	0.513
TE	Total effect	0.502	0.061	8.230	0.387	0.620	0.388	0.620
Comparison of indirect effects
ASEDIEdiff	ASEVS.DistalIE	0.045	0.014	3.214	0.022	0.082	0.020	0.074
PRDIEdiff	PR VS.DistalIE	0.023	0.010	2.300	0.007	0.052	0.006	0.046
ASEPRdiff	ASE VS. PR	0.022	0.020	1.100	− 0.015	0.065	− 0.017	0.061
Percentage of indirect effects
P1	DistalIE/TIE	0.111	0.034	3.265	0.056	0.194	0.050	0.185
P2	ASEIE/TIE	0.551	0.111	4.964	0.349	0.786	0.349	0.786
P3	PRIE/TIE	0.338	0.094	3.596	0.165	0.533	0.157	0.524
P4	TIE/TE	0.202	0.043	4.698	0.130	0.302	0.123	0.287
P5	DE/TE	0.798	0.043	18.558	0.698	0.870	0.713	0.877

TS = Teacher support, ASE = Academic self-efficacy, PR = psychological Resilience, LE = Learning Engagement, IE = Indirect effect, TIE = Total indirect effect, DE = Direct effect, TE = Total effect, diff = difference, VS = Versus, Standardized estimating of 5000 bootstrap sample. ***p < .001.

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