Table 5 Composite Mean concentration (mg/kg) of PAHs in the food samples within and 500 m away across the six mining sites.
PAHs, mg/kg (code) | Ring Number | Enyigba | Ezza South | Ikwo | Akwatakwa | Ameri Ameka | Mpume Akwaokuko | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD (site A) | Mean ± SD (site B) | Mean ± SD (site A) | Mean ± SD (site B) | Mean ± SD (site A) | Mean ± SD (site B) | Mean ± SD (site A) | Mean ± SD (site B) | Mean ± SD (site A) | Mean ± SD (site B) | Mean ± SD (site A) | Mean ± SD (site B) | |||
* | FLU | 4 | 6.27E-03 ± 3.06E-03 | 3.27E-03 ± 2.91E-03 | 3.97E-03 ± 3.50E-03 | 1.57E-03 ± 1.11E-03 | 1.67E-03 ± 1.05E-03 | 7.33E-04 ± 8.39E-04 | 1.53E-03 ± 1.35E-03 | 1.53E-04 ± 1.50E-04 | 4.67E-03 ± 2.66E-03 | 1.13E-03 ± 8.08E-04 | 4.13E-03 ± 3.46E-03 | 1.67E-03 ± 1.30E-03 |
* | NAPH | 2 | 2.33E-03 ± 1.10E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 7.33E-04 ± 1.27E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 1.10E-03 ± 9.54E-04 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 2.07E-03 ± 9.07E-04 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 4.67E-04 ± 2.52E-04 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 2.43E-03 ± 3.53E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 |
* | PHEN | 3 | 2.45E-03 ± 1.89E-03 | 7.33E-04 ± 6.66E-04 | 1.80E-02 ± 8.01E-03 | 1.69E-03 ± 2.43E-03 | 7.30E-03 ± 7.20E-03 | 2.93E-03 ± 1.05E-03 | 5.45E-03 ± 5.45E-03 | 4.07E-03 ± 2.27E-03 | 2.60E-03 ± 1.73E-03 | 2.27E-04 ± 2.53E-04 | 3.18E-03 ± 5.36E-04 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 |
* | ACEN | 3 | 5.33E-04 ± 9.24E-04 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 9.73E-03 ± 7.27E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 5.40E-03 ± 4.73E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 1.66E-03 ± 1.66E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 7.33E-04 ± 1.27E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 1.27E-03 ± 1.30E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 |
* | ACENA | 3 | 4.17E-03 ± 3.05E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 2.33E-03 ± 2.17E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 2.13E-03 ± 5.77E-04 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 2.54E-03 ± 2.54E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 2.10E-03 ± 2.33E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 4.70E-03 ± 2.72E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 |
* | FLUO | 4 | 1.53E-03 ± 2.66E-03 | 2.00E-03 ± 1.08E-03 | 1.80E-03 ± 2.16E-03 | 1.60E-03 ± 1.20E-03 | 2.77E-03 ± 9.02E-04 | 2.37E-03 ± 8.62E-04 | 1.90E-03 ± 1.47E-03 | 4.67E-03 ± 1.62E-03 | 1.87E-03 ± 2.27E-03 | 1.80E-03 ± 4.00E-04 | 1.27E-04 ± 1.10E-04 | 2.57E-03 ± 1.27E-03 |
** | BENA | 4 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 |
** | BaP | 5 | 8.33E-04 ± 7.09E-04 | 9.23E-04 ± 1.11E-03 | 1.37E-03 ± 1.23E-03 | 1.43E-03 ± 1.11E-03 | 1.30E-03 ± 2.00E-03 | 2.48E-03 ± 2.08E-03 | 1.50E-03 ± 2.34E-03 | 1.10E-03 ± 1.10E-03 | 7.00E-04 ± 1.00E-04 | 1.13E-03 ± 9.87E-04 | 1.20E-03 ± 1.06E-03 | 7.67E-04 ± 1.33E-03 |
** | Bg, h,iPE | 6 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 |
** | BkFLO | 5 | 8.20E-03 ± 8.02E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 2.20E-03 ± 4.00E-04 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 2.07E-03 ± 5.51E-04 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 2.07E-03 ± 2.47E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 1.23E-03 ± 1.08E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 4.60E-03 ± 1.82E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 |
** | DahANT | 6 | 2.07E-03 ± 1.83E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 1.20E-03 ± 2.08E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 1.39E-02 ± 1.92E-02 | 0.00E + 00 0.00E + 00 | 1.80E-03 ± 1.91E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 5.67E-04 ± 9.82E-04 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 6.67E-04 ± 1.15E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 |
PYR | 4 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | |
** | BbFLO | 5 | 2.37E-03 ± 2.26E-03 | 2.61E-03 ± 2.05E-03 | 2.30E-03 ± 9.54E-04 | 1.69E-03 ± 1.35E-03 | 2.49E-03 ± 1.66E-03 | 5.67E-05 9.81E-05 | 3.23E-03 ± 1.52E-03 | 1.30E-03 ± 1.15E-03 | 3.04E-03 ± 1.54E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 | 9.00E-04 ± 1.14E-03 | 0.00E + 00 ± 0.00E + 00 |
\(\:\sum\:\text{P}\text{A}\text{H}\) | 3.07E-02 ± 2.55E-02 | 9.53E-03 ± 7.82E-03 | 4.27E-02 ± 2.90E-02 | 7.97E-03 ± 7.19E-03 | 4.01E-02 ± 3.88E-02 | 8.57E-03 ± 4.93E-03 | 2.38E-02 ± 2.16E-02 | 1.13E-02 ± 6.29E-03 | 1.80E-02 ± 1.42E-02 | 4.29E-03 ± 2.45E-03 | 2.32E-02 ± 1.68E-02 | 5.00E-03 ± 3.90E-03 | ||
\(\:\sum\:\text{C}\text{P}\text{A}\text{H}\) | 1.35E-02 ± 1.28E-02 | 3.53E-03 ± 3.16E-03 | 7.07E-03 ± 4.67E-03 | 3.11E-03 ± 2.45E-03 | 1.97E-02 ± 2.34E-02 | 2.54E-03 ± 2.18E-03 | 8.60E-03 ± 8.23E-03 | 2.40E-03 ± 2.25E-03 | 5.54E-03 ± 3.70E-03 | 1.13E-03 ± 9.87E-04 | 7.37E-03 ± 5.17E-03 | 7.67E-04 ± 1.33E-03 | ||
