Table 15 Comparison results of the welded beam design problem.

From: Improved optimization based on parrot’s chaotic optimizer for solving complex problems in engineering and medical image segmentation

Algorithms

Variable values

Fmin

x1

x2

x3

x4

CPO-10

0.2053

3.4855

9.0364

0.2057

1.7263

GWO

0.2038

3.5229

9.0382

0.2058

1.7296

WOA

0.1635

4.7138

8.9907

0.2128

1.8615

GOA

0.3962

2.0019

6.8760

0.3972

2.4498

SCA

0.1919

3.5187

9.9227

0.2039

1.8486

COOT

0.1824

4.0586

9.0277

0.2061

1.7660

PLO

0.3037

3.2720

7.1116

0.3327

2.2994