Fig. 3
From: Non-intrusive load monitoring based on time-enhanced multidimensional feature visualization

Three-dimensional spacetime trajectory images of different electrical loads, including (a) incandescent light bulb (ILB), (b) laptop, (c) fridge, (d) hairdryer, (e) fan, (f) heater, (g) compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), (h) air conditioner (AC), (i) microwave, (j) vacuum cleaner, and (k) washing machine.