Table 8 Settling time and Overshoot/ undershoot for tie-line power variation in three areas for case study III.
Contract violation | Controller | \(\Delta {P_{12}}\) | \(\Delta {P_{23}}\) | \(\Delta {P_{31}}\) | ITAE | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Optimization techniques | Ush × 10−3 (p.u) | Osh × 10−3 (p.u) | Ts (sec) | Ush × 10−3 (p.u) | Osh × 10−3 (p.u) | Ts (sec) | Ush × 10−3 (p.u) | Osh × 10−3 (p.u) | Ts (sec) | ||
COA driven controllers | TID + IDN | −11.58 | 1.59 | 12.38 | 0.6132 | 1.466 | 4.49 | −4.104 | 0.5974 | 12.4 | 0.4822 |
TID | −32.36 | 12.92 | 12.55 | 0.7123 | 29.91 | 13.5 | −3.153 | 12.92 | 12.6 | 0.6132 | |
IDN | −31.97 | 16.01 | 13.41 | −164.8 | 28.74 | 13.9 | −3.781 | 16.01 | 13.4 | 0.7123 | |
