Fig. 1

Establishment of GEM resistance in ICC cell lines. (A) Cell viability curves for parental and resistant ICC cells after 48 h of GEM. (B) Cell growth curves of parental and resistant ICC cells with or without GEM. (C) Colony formation ability of parental and resistant ICC cells with or without GEM. HCCC-9810, HuH28, and RBE were treated with GEM at concentrations of 1, 0.025, and 0.025 µM, respectively. GEM: gemcitabine; P-GEM (-)/(+): parental ICC cell without/with GEM; R-GEM (-)/(+): resistant ICC cell without/with GEM. *P<0.05; **P<0.01 versus parental ICC cells.