Table 2 Mathematical Expressions for Standard Unimodal benchmark functions (CEC-2014).

From: An integrative TLBO-driven hybrid grey wolf optimizer for the efficient resolution of multi-dimensional, nonlinear engineering problems

Functions

Dimensions

Range

fmin

\({F}_{1}\left(S\right)=\sum_{\stackrel{.}{m}=1}^{z}{S}_{m}^{2}\)

(30, 50, 100)

[− 100, 100]

0

\({F}_{2}\left(S\right)=\sum_{\stackrel{.}{m}=1}^{z}\left|{S}_{m}\right|\)+ \({\prod }_{m=1}^{z}\left|{S}_{m}\right|\)

(30, 50, 100)

[− 10,10]

0

\({F}_{3}\left(S\right)= \sum_{\stackrel{.}{m}=1}^{z}(\sum_{n-1}^{m}{S}_{n}{)}^{2}\)

(30, 50, 100)

[− 100, 100]

0

\({F}_{4}\left(S\right)=max\) m {\(\left|{S}_{m}\right|, 1\)≤ m ≤ z}

(30, 50, 100)

[− 100, 100]

0

\({F}_{5}\left(S\right)=\sum_{\stackrel{.}{m}=1}^{z-1}[100(S\) m+1-\({S}_{m}^{2}\))2 + (\({S}_{m}-1)\)2]

(30, 50, 100)

[− 38, 38]

0

\({F}_{6}\left(S\right)=\sum_{\stackrel{.}{m}=1}^{z}([ {S}_{m}+0.5])\)2

(30, 50, 100)

[− 100, 100]

0

\({F}_{7}\left(S\right)=\sum_{\stackrel{.}{m}=1}^{z}m{S}_{m}^{4}\)+ random [0,1]

(30, 50, 100)

[− 1.28, 1.28]

0