Table 34 Sensitivity analysis of GWO-TLBO for CEC-2014.
Parameter | Range/values tested | Best value | Sensitivity metric (% Change) | Impact on best fitness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of Wolves | 5–50 | 20 | 12.3% | Moderate |
Maximum Iterations | 50–1000 | 500 | 18.5% | High |
Teaching Factor (TF) | 0.1–2.0 | 1.2 | 8.7% | Low |
Learning Rate | 0.01–0.5 | 0.1 | 10.2% | Moderate |
