Table 9 Quartile results of unimodal and multimodal benchmark functions (100 dimensions).

From: An integrative TLBO-driven hybrid grey wolf optimizer for the efficient resolution of multi-dimensional, nonlinear engineering problems

Functions

Best fitness

Mean fitness

Standard deviation

F1

1.49942E-19

− 2.60352E-12

3.88293E-11

F2

8.24309E-13

3.09444E-16

8.57694E-15

F3

18.54005554

0.002111829

0.621603458

F4

0.11739046

0.022702811

0.091897194

F5

98.31844982

0.006872846

0.004753083

F6

6.77904065

− 0.364860401

0.223669343

F7

0.001828582

− 0.001517589

0.020932295

F8

− 19,838.16304

9.480869511

263.4885609

F9

7.95808E-13

4.00495E-10

7.82041E-09

F10

3.33853E-11

− 1.08422E-12

8.31722E-12

F11

7.77156E-16

8.54321E-09

5.96118E-08

F12

0.11732162

− 0.631567542

0.461237492

F13

5.248786726

0.459623167

0.469882607

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