Fig. 3

Calibration plot for different models in the training (a) and testing cohort (b). The y-axis represents the predicted value, while the x-axis denotes the fraction of positive. The different colored lines correspond to the calibration curves of various models, with the dashed line serving as the reference line for an ideal classifier. Notably, our model, represented by the blue line, is closer to the diagonal dashed line, indicating superior predictive performance of VELM.