Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants.

From: Magnetic resonance imaging signatures of neuroinflammation in major depressive disorder with religious and spiritual problems

 

Controls

Control with R/S problems

MDD

MDD with R/S problems

p

N

50

43

56

37

Age (years)

32.5 ± 12.3

37.9 ± 12.6

38.9 ± 17.1

42.4 ± 15.2

0.02

Education (years)

11.7 ± 3.5

11.6 ± 3.4

11.5 ± 3.5

11.4 ± 3.6

0.9

Sex (male/female)

22/28

19/24

26/30

12/25

> 0.5

Religious affiliation

25 Catholic

17 Protestant

3 Charismatic Christian

3 Judaism

2 Buddhist

28 Catholic

10 Protestant

3 Charismatic Christian

1 Judaism

1 Buddhist

30 Catholic

20 Protestant

2 Charismatic Christian

3 Judaism

1 Judaism-Christian

19 Catholic

11 Protestant

4 Charismatic Christian

3 Judaism

BMI

24.5 ± 8.1

24.0 ± 7.0

24.3 ± 7.1

24.1 ± 6.7

0.9

HAM-D

24.9 ± 7.2

26.8 ± 8.3

0.26

HAM-A

24.4 ± 11.3

27.0 ± 11.4

0.28

QLDS

19.1 ± 8.3

20.2 ± 7.9

0.51

RSS-14

22.2 ± 4.8

56.4 ± 9.5

24.0 ± 6.2

51.9 ± 13.0

< 0.001

  1. MDD major depressive disorder, R/S religious and spiritual, BMI body mass index, HAM-D Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HAM-A Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, QLDS Quality of Life in Depression Scale, RSS-14 Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale. The p-values are from one-way ANOVAs except for sex where multiple chi-square tests were used.