Table 4 Model proof validation performance analysis.

Groth16²¹

\(3{\text{P}},\ell {{\mathbb{G}}_1}{\text{~exp}}\)

×

Auroralight²²

\(5{\text{P}},6{{\mathbb{G}}_1}{\text{~exp}}\)

\(12{\text{P}}\)

Sonic²²

\(13{\text{P}}\)

×

Plonk²²

\(2{\text{P}},18{{\mathbb{G}}_1}{\text{~exp}}\)

×

Ours

\(2{\text{P}},13{{\mathbb{G}}_1}{\text{~exp}}\)

×