Table 1 Mapping particle filtering algorithm.

From: Residual useful life prediction of lithium-ion battery based on accuracy SoH estimation

1:  Given \(\textbf{u}_{k-1}^{\left( 1: N_{p}\right) }, \textbf{v}_{k}, M(\cdot ), p(\textbf{v} \mid \textbf{u})\) and \(p(\eta )\)

2:  If \(j=1: 1: N_p\), then implementing

             \(\textbf{u}_{k, 0}^{(j)} \leftarrow {M}\left( \textbf{u}_{k-1}^{(j)}, \eta _{k}\right)\)

3:  If \(i=1: 1: N_p\), then implementing

             \(\textbf{u}_{k, i}^{(j)} \leftarrow \textbf{u}_{k, i-1}^{(j)}-\epsilon \nabla \mathscr {D}_{K L}\left( \textbf{u}_{k, i-1}^{(j)}\right)\)

4:  Assign i in Step 3 the value \(i+1\), and repeat Step 3

      until the stopping criterion is met

5:  Output \(\textbf{u}_{k, i}^{\left( 1: N_{p}\right) }\)