Table 2 Results of the MANOVA testing for the effect of site (10 sites), season (winter, summer and fall) and period (pre- and post-invasion) (and their three-way interaction) as well as lionfish biomass on reef fish assemblage structure (based on biomass of parrotfishes, surgeonfishes, wrasses, and damselfishes) at reef sites on the west and south coasts of Barbados.

From: No change in key reef fish herbivores or reef fisher yields in Barbados a decade after the lionfish invasion

Factor

Df

SS

R2

F

p

Site

9

15.42

0.2

16.8

0.001

Season

2

0.16

0

0.77

0.582

Period

1

0.87

0.01

8.55

0.002

Lionfish biomass

1

0.03

0

0.32

0.797

Site:Season

18

2.19

0.03

1.19

0.168

Site:Period

9

1.63

0.02

1.78

0.008

Season:Period

2

0.21

0

1.04

0.385

Site:Season:Period

18

2.38

0.03

1.29

0.097

Residual

535

54.56

0.7

  

Total

595

77.45

1

  
  1. Df- degrees of freedom; SS- Sum of squares; R2 – Coefficient of determination; F-F statistic; p-p-value. N = 596 transects. Bold font indicates terms that were significant (p < 0.05).