Table 3 Classification performance of different methodologies on the UP dataset.
Class | SVM | LPP_LBP_BLS | SSSKRR | MSF-PCs | SSFTT | CVSSN | AMS-M2ESL | MASSFormer | CiSSA_MLTP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | \(90.59\pm 1.93\) | \(83.85\pm 2.20\) | \(94.40\pm 1.65\) | \({\varvec {98.83}}\pm {\varvec {0.14}}\) | \(95.20\pm 0.77\) | \(92.54\pm 2.17\) | \(96.00\pm 0.56\) | \(97.16\pm 0.77\) | \(96.70\pm 0.46\) |
2 | \(92.56\pm 0.56\) | \(97.94\pm 0.62\) | \(99.73\pm 0.13\) | \({\varvec {100.0}}\pm {\varvec {0.00}}\) | \(97.79\pm 0.58\) | \(98.41\pm 0.38\) | \(99.32\pm 0.27\) | \(99.21\pm 0.36\) | \(99.60\pm 0.14\) |
3 | \(68.01\pm 2.53\) | \(88.76\pm 4.69\) | \(83.68\pm 3.82\) | \(96.99\pm 0.18\) | \(89.86\pm 2.47\) | \(84.19\pm 4.31\) | \(96.17\pm 0.29\) | \(94.63\pm 1.37\) | \({\varvec {97.99}}\pm {\varvec {0.26}}\) |
4 | \(92.87\pm 4.37\) | \(56.41\pm 4.36\) | \(87.62\pm 1.94\) | \(93.65\pm 0.35\) | \(99.05\pm 0.54\) | \(94.57\pm 0.70\) | \({\varvec {99.77}}\pm {\varvec {0.03}}\) | \(97.23\pm 0.67\) | \(94.42\pm 1.19\) |
5 | \(99.53\pm 0.24\) | \(91.60\pm 5.47\) | \(83.11\pm 3.08\) | \({\varvec {100.0}}\pm {\varvec {0.00}}\) | \(99.97\pm 0.04\) | \(98.36\pm 1.28\) | \(99.89\pm 0.03\) | \(99.28\pm 0.43\) | \(95.91\pm 0.37\) |
6 | \(84.24\pm 1.93\) | \(99.91\pm 0.10\) | \(95.76\pm 0.79\) | \({\varvec {100.0}}\pm {\varvec {0.00}}\) | \(97.90\pm 0.89\) | \(93.36\pm 1.08\) | \(99.22\pm 0.10\) | \(99.82\pm 0.18\) | \(99.82\pm 0.10\) |
7 | \(69.25\pm 3.32\) | \(91.40\pm 7.38\) | \(93.58\pm 1.50\) | \(99.83\pm 0.03\) | \(96.55\pm 1.33\) | \(87.94\pm 3.97\) | \({\varvec {99.92}}\pm {\varvec {0.10}}\) | \(94.72\pm 1.85\) | \(98.09\pm 0.49\) |
8 | \(78.08\pm 2.62\) | \(90.71\pm 4.60\) | \(85.96\pm 4.86\) | \(97.65\pm 0.50\) | \(85.71\pm 1.86\) | \(91.84\pm 1.15\) | \(96.21\pm 0.28\) | \(93.84\pm 2.21\) | \({\varvec {98.82}}\pm {\varvec {0.26}}\) |
9 | \({\varvec {99.98}}\pm {\varvec {0.04}}\) | \(43.97\pm 4.56\) | \(68.34\pm 8.83\) | \(73.55\pm 0.70\) | \(97.64\pm 0.53\) | \(96.86\pm 3.07\) | \(99.72\pm 0.35\) | \(92.96\pm 2.10\) | \(99.33\pm 0.20\) |
OA (%) | \(88.34\pm 0.53\) | \(90.34\pm 0.65\) | \(94.19\pm 0.49\) | \(98.42\pm 0.06\) | \(94.80\pm 0.40\) | \(94.97\pm 0.67\) | \(98.43\pm 0.19\) | \(97.17\pm 0.26\) | \({\varvec {98.49}}\pm {\varvec {0.04}}\) |
AA (%) | \(86.12\pm 1.01\) | \(82.73\pm 1.35\) | \(88.02\pm 1.20\) | \(95.61\pm 0.13\) | \(95.52\pm 0.35\) | \(93.52\pm 0.61\) | \({\varvec {98.47}}\pm {\varvec {0.11}}\) | \(96.24\pm 0.41\) | \(97.85\pm 0.08\) |
\(\kappa\) (%) | \(84.46\pm 0.66\) | \(87.16\pm 0.87\) | \(92.27\pm 0.65\) | \(97.91\pm 0.08\) | \(96.08\pm 0.32\) | \(93.33\pm 0.89\) | \(97.92\pm 0.26\) | \(97.87\pm 0.20\) | \({\varvec {98.00}}\pm {\varvec {0.05}}\) |
