Table 5 Risk factors for axial length elongation among the three groups.

Factor	Beta coefficient	95% CI		P
Factor	Beta coefficient	Lower	Upper	P
DIMS group
Baseline age	−0.481	−0.332	0.220	0.025*
Sex	0.101	−0.162	0.237	0.608
Baseline SER	0.328	−0.131	0.524	0.294
Baseline AXL	0.510	−0.067	0.732	0.119
DIMS-Low ATR group
Baseline age	−0.332	−0.592	0.127	0.040*
Sex	−0.104	−0.334	0.155	0.284
Baseline SER	0.223	−0.245	0.553	0.348
Baseline AXL	0.276	−0.183	0.606	0.195
DIMS-High ATR group
Baseline age	−0.257	−0.477	0.065	0.082
Sex	0.038	−0.086	0.148	0.818
Baseline SER	0.141	−0.197	0.237	0.729
Baseline AXL	0.116	−0.086	0.201	0.863

ATR atropine, AXL axial elongation, CI confidence interval, DIMS defocus incorporated multiple segments’, N: number, OR odds ratio, SER spherical equivalent refraction.
* indicates a significant correlation between the factor and AXL elongation.

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