Fig. 5

In Vitro Wound Healing Assay of Immortalized Human Corneal Epithelial Cells (HCE-2). After the scratch, HCE-2 cells were incubated in fresh medium with or without EDF 1, EDF 2, EDF 3, EDF 4, EDF 5, EDF 6, EDF 8, and EDF 9 formulations at 0.78% v/v dilution for 72 h. The wound area was imaged and quantified at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours post-scratching. (a) Quantification of Wound Healing Activity. Wound healing rate was expressed as the percentage of the remaining wound area compared to 0 h. (b) Representative transmitted light optical microscopy images (4x objective) of wounds at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h (scale bar: 200 µm). Intermediate images have been omitted to avoid redundancy. EDF 1 (0.025% ketotifen fumarate); EDF 2 (0.05% azelastine hydrochloride); EDF 3 (0.6% bilastine); EDF 4 (0.222% olopatadine hydrochloride); EDF 5 (0.05% azelastine hydrochloride); EDF 6 (0.776% olopatadine hydrochloride); EDF 8 (0.1% olopatadine hydrochloride); EDF 9 (0.025% ketotifen fumarate); C+: positive control; C-: negative control.