Table 3 A qualitative evaluation of reduced model performance characteristics.

Proposed method

\(\frac{{ - 5.9337{s^2} - 6.8337s - 0.2806}}{{{s^3}+0.87103{s^2}+2.3127s+0.2269}}\)

0.1650

316.7763

29.705

0.1969

0.9489

26.5907

34.9921

EDE-IMPPA [17]

\(\frac{{ - 6.039321{s^2} - 6.449375s - 0.224493}}{{{s^3}+0.852702{s^2}+2.262901s+0.188946}}\)

0.1568

330.8830

34.6825

0.2125

2.2519

41.9020

34.9430

BTM-PSO [29]

\(\frac{{ - 5.7942{s^2} - 7.2837s - 0.3321}}{{{s^3}+0.8837{s^2}+2.3668s+0.26598}}\)

0.1689

317.145

26.3026

0.2667

1.2035

30.3526

35.3399

BTM MM [35]

\(\frac{{53.9743{s^2} - 8.8542s - 0.316}}{{{s^3}+0.8837{s^2}+2.3668s+0.26598}}\)

0.0331

1367

21.5813

13.9607

9780.8

776.7433

1919.4

MBTM [36]

\(\frac{{ - 5.7868{s^2} - 7.2364s - 0.316}}{{{s^3}+0.8837{s^2}+2.3668s+0.26598}}\)

0.1611

335.9249

26.4445

0.2895

4.5672

57.5349

35.1391

BTM-MCCF [37]

\(\frac{{ - 6{s^2} - 8.8542s - 0.316}}{{{s^3}+0.8837{s^2}+2.3668s+0.26598}}\)

0.1517

405.7731

27.7947

0.7919

23.5087

88.472

43.8609

RAM-FDM [38]

\(\frac{{ - 3.7637{s^2} - 0.4088s - 0.007712}}{{{s^3}+1.196{s^2}+0.22s+0.006491}}\)

0.3086

148.9522

69.0297

4.1474

119.4952

88.8858

6.3056

LPC-IPAM [39]

\(\frac{{ - 6{s^2} - 2.4734s - 0.0651}}{{{s^3}+0.8272{s^2}+1.035s+0.0549}}\)

0.1674

325.1

46.5477

1.2568

62.0559

79.8370

26.6211

BSPA [40]

\(\frac{{0.08324{s^3} - 6.006{s^2} - 6.709s - 0.245}}{{{s^3}+0.8703{s^2}+2.307s+0.2062}}\)

0.1659

335.303

32.5918

5.9219

2.3310

43.0328

Inf

DPR PSO [41]

\(\frac{{ - 6.2175{s^2} - 5.3563s - 0.0946}}{{{s^3}+0.7812{s^2}+2.3264s+0.08404}}\)

0.1468

326.1983

74.4863

0.7438

18.6384

87.0991

33.9024