Table 3 Selection of appropriate BCTs based on APEASE criteria.

COM-B component		Relevant TDF	Intervention functions	BCTs identified
Capability	Physical capability	Skills	Training	4.1 Instruction on how to perform the behavior
				6.1 Demonstration of the behavior
				8.7 Graded tasks
			Enablement	1.1 Goal setting (behavior)
			Enablement	2.3 Self-monitoring of behavior
	Psychological capacity	Knowledge	Education	4.1 Instruction on how to perform the behavior
Motivation	Reflective motivation	Beliefs and capabilities	Persuasion	15.1 Verbal persuasion about capability
		Beliefs and capabilities	Persuasion	15.3 Focus on past success
		Beliefs about consequences	Education	5.1 Information about health consequences 5.4 Monitoring of emotional consequences
		Intentions	Education	13.5 Identity associated with changed behavior
		Goals	Education	15.3 Focus on past success
	Automatic motivation	Reinforcement	Persuasion	9.1 Credible source
			Incentivization	10.2 Material reward (behavior)
			Enablement	2.3 Self-monitoring of behavior
Opportunity	Physical opportunity	Environmental context and resources	Environmental restructuring	7.1 Prompts/cues
	Physical opportunity	Environmental context and resources	Environmental restructuring	12.1 Restructuring the physical environment
	Social opportunity	Social influences	Modelling	3.1 Social support 6.3 Information about other’s approval

Training, imparting skills; Implementation, improving capabilities or increasing opportunities by improving methods or reducing obstacles; Education, increasing knowledge or understanding; Persuasion, stimulating positive or negative feelings or behaviors through communication; Incentive, giving expected rewards; Environmental reconstruction, changing the natural or social environment; Modeling, providing an example for people to aspire to or imitate. APEASE acceptability, side effects/safety, and equity; BCT behavior change technique; COM-B capability, opportunity, and motivation—behaviour; TDF theoretical domains framework.

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