Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with GEP-NENs.
Variables | Training cohort (n = 7844) | Internal validation cohort test (n = 3363) | Comparison | Total (n = 11,207) | External validation cohort (n = 152) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, n (%) | |||||
< 30 | 411 (5.24) | 158 (4.70) | P = 0.195 χ2 = 3.27 | 569 (5.08) | 4 (2.63) |
30–60 | 3882 (49.49) | 1628 (48.41) | 5510 (49.17) | 67 (44.08) | |
≥ 60 | 3551 (45.27) | 1577 (46.89) | 5128 (45.76) | 81 (53.29) | |
Sex, n (%) | |||||
Female | 4021 (51.26) | 1700 (50.55) | P = 0.490 χ2 = 0.48 | 5721 (51.05) | 79 (51.97) |
Male | 3823 (48.74) | 1663 (49.45) | 5486 (48.95) | 73 (48.03) | |
Race, n (%) | |||||
Black | 1169 (14.90) | 492 (14.63) | P = 0.519 χ2 = 1.31 | 1661 (14.82) | 0 (0.00) |
Others | 629 (8.02) | 291 (8.65) | 920 (8.21) | 152 (100.00) | |
White | 6046 (77.08) | 2580 (76.72) | 8626 (76.97) | 0 (0.00) | |
Location, n (%) | |||||
Intestine | 5680 (72.41) | 2394 (71.19) | P = 0.408 χ2 = 1.79 | 8074 (72.04) | 104 (68.42) |
Pancreas | 1612 (20.55) | 725 (21.56) | 2337 (20.85) | 43 (28.29) | |
Stomach | 552 (7.04) | 244 (7.26) | 796 (7.10) | 5 (3.29) | |
Grade, n (%) | |||||
I/II | 7198 (91.76) | 3067 (91.20) | P = 0.322 χ2 = 0.98 | 10,265 (91.59) | 136 (89.47) |
III/IV | 646 (8.24) | 296 (8.80) | 942 (8.41) | 16 (10.53) | |
Histologic, n (%) | |||||
Neuroendocrine carcinoma | 2457 (31.32) | 1110 (33.01) | P = 0.193 χ2 = 3.29 | 3567 (31.83) | 89 (58.55) |
Neuroendocrine tumor | 4728 (60.28) | 1986 (59.05) | 6714 (59.91) | 49 (32.24) | |
Others | 659 (8.40) | 267 (7.94) | 926 (8.26) | 14 (9.21) | |
Size, n (%) | |||||
< 2 | 4549 (57.99) | 1947 (57.89) | P = 0.288 χ2 = 2.49 | 6496 (57.96) | 73 (48.03) |
≥ 5 | 1049 (13.37) | 484 (14.39) | 1533 (13.68) | 25 (16.45) | |
2–5 | 2246 (28.63) | 932 (27.71) | 3178 (28.36) | 54 (35.53) | |
T, n (%) | |||||
T1 | 3436 (43.80) | 1433 (42.61) | P = 0.155 χ2 = 5.24 | 4869 (43.45) | 57 (37.50) |
T2 | 1508 (19.22) | 667 (19.83) | 2175 (19.41) | 35 (23.03) | |
T3 | 2008 (25.60) | 836 (24.86) | 2844 (25.38) | 41 (26.97) | |
T4 | 892 (11.37) | 427 (12.70) | 1319 (11.77) | 19 (12.50) | |
N, n (%) | |||||
N0 | 5128 (65.37) | 2154 (64.05) | P = 0.393 χ2 = 1.87 | 7282 (64.98) | 90 (59.21) |
N1 | 2665 (33.98) | 1185 (35.24) | 3850 (34.35) | 59 (38.82) | |
N2 | 51 (0.65) | 24 (0.71) | 75 (0.67) | 3 (1.97) | |
M, n (%) | |||||
0 | 6654 (84.83) | 2821 (83.88) | P = 0.204 χ2 = 1.61 | 9475 (84.55) | 115 (75.66) |
1 | 1190 (15.17) | 542 (16.12) | 1732 (15.45) | 37 (24.34) | |
