Table 3 Constitutive model parameters.

From: Exploring the time-dependent behaviors of the rock mass roof of tunnels in open underground spaces of coal mines through numerical investigation

Parameter

Value

Unit

Elastic modulus

10 GPa

Pa

Poisson’s ratio

0.2

–

Viscous modulus

1 GPa

Pa

Strain softening parameter

0.5

–

Time-dependent parameter

0.1

–