Table 1 General characteristics of women across tertiles of nutrient-based and food-based oxidative balance score.
Tertiles of NLOBS | Tertiles of FLOBS | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 (n = 84) | T2 (n = 80) | T3 (n = 79) | P-value* | T1 (n = 75) | T2 (n = 78) | T3 (n = 90) | P-value* | |
Score range | 10–18 | 18–23 | 23–33 | 29–42 | 42–47 | 47–59 | ||
No. cases | 84 | 80 | 79 | 75 | 78 | 90 | ||
Age (year) | 29.25 ± 6.37 | 30.72 ± 5.71 | 32.88 ± 5.75 | 0.001 | 29.01 ± 6.37 | 31.26 ± 6.17 | 32.20 ± 5.51 | 0.003 |
Marriage duration (year) | 7.72 ± 5.81 | 7.60 ± 4.47 | 9.14 ± 5.85 | 0.13 | 6.78 ± 4.89 | 8.95 ± 5.24 | 8.58 ± 5.88 | 0.02 |
Height (cm) | 163.02 ± 6.90 | 162.76 ± 6.52 | 162.59 ± 5.19 | 0.90 | 162.29 ± 6.72 | 163.79 ± 6.52 | 162.35 ± 5.51 | 0.23 |
Pre-pregnancy weight (kg) | 68.83 ± 13.63 | 70.91 ± 13.62 | 68.34 ± 11.17 | 0.40 | 70.00 ± 14.38 | 70.97 ± 11.06 | 67.42 ± 12.90 | 0.17 |
Pre-delivery weight (kg) | 83.75 ± 14.89 | 82.60 ± 14.23 | 79.79 ± 11.51 | 0.16 | 84.54 ± 15.27 | 83.53 ± 12.68 | 78.78 ± 12.62 | 0.01 |
After delivery weight (kg)** | 75.05 ± 14.08 | 74.97 ± 14.14 | 71.94 ± 10.85 | 0.23 | 75.78 ± 14.49 | 75.39 ± 11.97 | 71.35 ± 12.69 | 0.05 |
Educational level | 0.39 | 0.62 | ||||||
< Diploma | 21 (25.0%) | 14 (17.5%) | 14 (17.7%) | 17 (22.7%) | 13 (16.7%) | 19 (21.1%) | ||
Diploma ≤ | 63 (75.0%) | 66 (82.5%) | 65 (82.3%) | 58 (77.3%) | 65 (83.3%) | 71 (78.9%) | ||
Occupation | 0.54 | 0.13 | ||||||
Housewife | 76 (90.5%) | 70 (87.5%) | 67 (84.8%) | 69 (92.0%) | 70 (89.7%) | 74 (82.2%) | ||
Employed | 8 (9.5%) | 10 (12.5%) | 12 (15.2%) | 6 (8.0%) | 8 (10.3%) | 16 (17.8%) | ||
Socioeconomic status | 0.38 | 0.37 | ||||||
Low | 28 (33.3%) | 20 (25.0%) | 16 (20.3%) | 17 (22.7%) | 23 (29.5%) | 24 (26.7%) | ||
Moderate | 35 (41.7%) | 34 (42.5%) | 36 (45.6%) | 36 (48.0%) | 36 (46.2%) | 33 (36.7%) | ||
High | 21 (25.0%) | 26 (32.5%) | 27 (34.2%) | 22 (29.3%) | 19 (24.4%) | 33 (36.7%) | ||
Pregnancy satisfaction | 0.23 | 0.55 | ||||||
Wanted | 69 (82.1%) | 57 (71.3%) | 62 (78.5%) | 56 (74.7%) | 59 (75.6%) | 73 (81.1%) | ||
Unwanted | 15 (17.9%) | 23 (28.8%) | 17 (21.5%) | 19 (25.3%) | 19 (24.4%) | 17 (18.9%) | ||
Parity | 0.27 | 0.04 | ||||||
Primiparous | 40 (47.6%) | 29 (36.3%) | 30 (38.0%) | 38 (50.7%) | 24 (30.8%) | 37 (41.1%) | ||
Multiparous | 44 (52.4%) | 51 (63.8%) | 49 (62.0%) | 37 (49.3%) | 54 (69.2%) | 53 (58.9%) | ||
Pre-pregnancy BMI status | 0.93 | 0.04 | ||||||
Normal weight | 38 (45.2%) | 36 (45.0%) | 38 (48.1%) | 27 (36.0%) | 32 (41.0%) | 53 (58.9%) | ||
Overweight | 33 (39.3%) | 29 (36.3%) | 30 (38.0%) | 34 (45.3%) | 32 (41.0%) | 26 (28.9%) | ||
Obese | 13 (15.5%) | 15 (18.8%) | 11 (13.9%) | 14 (18.7%) | 14 (17.9%) | 11 (12.2%) | ||
Gestational weight gain | 0.001 | < 0.0001 | ||||||
Insufficient | 18 (21.4%) | 23 (28.8%) | 21 (26.6%) | 12 (16.0%) | 20 (25.6%) | 30 (33.3%) | ||
Sufficient | 19 (22.6%) | 26 (32.5%) | 38 (48.1%) | 17 (22.7%) | 24 (30.8%) | 42 (46.7%) | ||
Excess | 47 (56.0%) | 31 (38.8%) | 20 (25.3%) | 46 (61.3%) | 34 (43.6%) | 18 (20.0%) | ||
Smoking status | 0.07 | 0.01 | ||||||
Never | 76 (90.5%) | 78 (97.5%) | 78 (98.7%) | 67 (89.3%) | 75 (96.2%) | 90 (100.0%) | ||
Former | 6 (7.1%) | 2 (2.5%) | 1 (1.3%) | 6 (8.0%) | 3 (3.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Current | 2 (2.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (2.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Passive smoking | 0.06 | < 0.0001 | ||||||
Current passive smoking | 25 (29.8%) | 16 (20.0%) | 12 (15.2%) | 28 (37.3%) | 16 (20.5%) | 9 (10.0%) | ||
Passive smoking before pregnancy | 7 (8.3%) | 5 (6.3%) | 2 (2.5%) | 8 (10.7%) | 3 (3.8%) | 3 (3.3%) | ||
Never | 52 (61.9%) | 59 (73.8%) | 65 (82.3%) | 39 (52.0%) | 59 (75.6%) | 78 (86.7%) | ||
Abortion history | 0.71 | 0.64 | ||||||
Yes | 29 (34.5%) | 23 (28.8%) | 26 (32.9%) | 21 (28.0%) | 27 (34.6%) | 30 (33.3%) | ||
No | 55 (65.5%) | 57 (71.3%) | 53 (67.1%) | 54 (72.0%) | 51 (65.4%) | 60 (66.7%) | ||
Physical activity | 0.003 | 0.001 | ||||||
Low | 39 (46.4%) | 19 (23.8%) | 17 (21.5%) | 34 (45.3%) | 24 (30.8%) | 17 (18.9%) | ||
Moderate | 27 (32.1%) | 29 (36.3%) | 31 (39.2%) | 21 (28.0%) | 34 (43.6%) | 32 (35.6%) | ||
High | 18 (21.4%) | 32 (40.0%) | 31 (39.2%) | 20 (26.7%) | 20 (25.6%) | 41 (45.6%) | ||
Type of delivery | 0.96 | 0.36 | ||||||
Natural delivery | 23 (27.4%) | 23 (28.8%) | 23 (29.1%) | 25 (33.3%) | 18 (23.1%) | 26 (28.9%) | ||
Caesarean delivery | 61 (72.6%) | 57 (71.3%) | 56 (70.9%) | 50 (66.7%) | 60 (76.9%) | 64 (71.1%) | ||
Preterm birth | 0.42 | 0.46 | ||||||
Yes | 13 (15.5%) | 7 (8.8%) | 10 (12.7%) | 7 (9.3%) | 9 (11.5%) | 14 (15.6%) | ||
No | 71 (84.5%) | 73 (91.3%) | 69 (87.3%) | 68 (90.7%) | 69 (88.5%) | 76 (84.4%) | ||
Infant feeding | 0.74 | 0.49 | ||||||
Breast milk | 42 (50.0%) | 36 (45.0%) | 33 (41.8%) | 35 (46.7%) | 39 (50.0%) | 37 (41.1%) | ||
Milk powder | 9 (10.7%) | 11 (13.8%) | 8 (10.1%) | 10 (13.3%) | 10 (12.8%) | 8 (8.9%) | ||
Both | 33 (39.3%) | 33 (41.3%) | 38 (48.1%) | 30 (40.0%) | 29 (37.2%) | 45 (50.02%) | ||
Gestational diabetes | 0.08 | 0.06 | ||||||
Yes | 13 (15.5%) | 15 (18.8%) | 23 (29.1%) | 9 (12.0%) | 18 (23.1%) | 24 (26.7%) | ||
No | 71 (84.5%) | 65 (81.3%) | 56 (70.9%) | 66 (88.0%) | 60 (76.9%) | 66 (73.3%) | ||
Preeclampsia | 0.41 | 0.27 | ||||||
Yes | 6 (7.1%) | 3 (3.8%) | 7 (8.9%) | 4 (5.3%) | 8 (10.3%) | 4 (4.4%) | ||
No | 78 (92.9%) | 77 (96.3%) | 72 (91.1%) | 71 (94.7%) | 70 (89.7%) | 86 (95.6%) | ||
Thyroid disorders | 0.11 | 0.69 | ||||||
Yes | 16 (19.0%) | 10 (12.5%) | 20 (25.3%) | 14 (18.7%) | 17 (21.8%) | 15 (16.7%) | ||
No | 68 (81.0%) | 70 (87.5%) | 59 (74.7%) | 61 (81.3%) | 61 (78.2%) | 75 (83.3%) | ||
Infant gender | 0.23 | 0.05 | ||||||
Boy | 37 (44.0%) | 32 (40.0%) | 42 (53.2%) | 29 (38.7%) | 32 (41.0%) | 50 (55.6%) | ||
Girl | 47 (56.0%) | 48 (60.0%) | 37 (46.8%) | 46 (61.3%) | 46 (59.0%) | 40 (44.4%) | ||
Infant hospitalization | 0.10 | 0.60 | ||||||
Yes | 43 (51.2%) | 28 (35.0%) | 36 (45.6%) | 30 (40.0%) | 34 (43.6%) | 43 (47.8%) | ||
No | 41 (48.8%) | 52 (65.0%) | 43 (54.4%) | 45 (60.0%) | 44 (56.4%) | 47 (52.2%) | ||
Infant disease | 0.74 | 0.47 | ||||||
Yes | 23 (27.4%) | 20 (25.0%) | 24 (30.4%) | 17 (22.7%) | 22 (28.2%) | 28 (31.1%) | ||
No | 61 (72.6%) | 60 (75.0%) | 55 (69.6%) | 58 (77.3%) | 56 (71.8%) | 62 (68.9%) | ||
