Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants by database.

From: Blood pressure variability associated with in-hospital and 30-day mortality in heart failure patients: a multicenter cohort study

Variables

Total (n = 25 591)

eICU (n = 11 844)

MIMIC-IV (n = 13 747)

P value

Demographics

 Age, (year)

73.0 (63.0, 82.0)

72.0 (62.0, 81.0)

74.0 (65.0, 83.0)

 < 0.001

 Gender male, n (%)

13,986 (54.7)

6265 (52.9)

7721 (56.2)

 < 0.001

 Ethnicity, n (%)

 < 0.001

   

  White

18,204 (71.1)

8806 (74.3)

9398 (68.4)

 

  Other

7387 (28.9)

3038 (25.7)

4349 (31.6)

 

Vital signs

    

 BMI, (kg/m2)

28.2 (24.0, 33.2)

28.4 (24.2, 33.5)

27.9 (24.0, 32.8)

 < 0.001

 Heart rate, (min−1)

86.0 (74.0, 101.0)

86.0 (74.0, 102.0)

85.0 (74.0, 100.0)

0.057

 SBP, (mmHg)

119.0 (103.0, 138.0)

120.0 (102.0, 140.0)

119.0 (103.0, 137.0)

0.064

 SBPV

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0.1 (0.1, 0.1)

 < 0.001

 DBP, (mmHg)

65.0 (54.0, 78.0)

66.0 (55.0, 79.0)

64.0 (54.0, 77.0)

 < 0.001

 DBPV

0.2 (0.1, 0.2)

0.2 (0.1, 0.2)

0.2 (0.1, 0.2)

0.102

 MBP, (mmHg)

81.0 (69.0, 94.0)

81.0 (69.0, 96.0)

80.0 (69.0, 93.0)

 < 0.001

 MBPV

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0.2 (0.1, 0.2)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

 < 0.001

Co-morbidities, n (%)

 Hypertension

19,353 (75.6)

7572 (63.9)

11,781 (85.7)

 < 0.001

 Diabetes

8050 (31.5)

2389 (20.2)

5661 (41.2)

 < 0.001

 Myocardial infarction

6662 (26.0)

2044 (17.3)

4618 (33.6)

 < 0.001

 Atrial fibrillation

10,865 (42.5)

2984 (25.2)

7881 (57.3)

 < 0.001

 Stroke

2101 (8.2)

17 (0.1)

2084 (15.2)

 < 0.001

 COPD

8224 (32.1)

3245 (27.4)

4979 (36.2)

 < 0.001

 Renal failure

6662 (26.0)

1268 (10.7)

5394 (39.2)

 < 0.001

 Cancer

1897 (7.4)

424 (3.6)

1473 (10.7)

 < 0.001

Laboratory tests

 Hemoglobin, (g/dl)

10.2 (8.6, 11.9)

10.3 (8.7, 12.1)

10.1 (8.6, 11.8)

0.002

 WBC, (K/μL)

10.4 (7.6, 14.5)

10.0 (7.4, 13.8)

10.8 (7.8, 15.0)

 < 0.001

 Platelet, (K/μL)

191.0 (142.0, 253.0)

192.0 (144.0, 250.0)

191.0 (140.0, 255.0)

0.534

 Creatinine, (mg/dl)

1.3 (0.9, 2.1)

1.4 (1.0, 2.2)

1.2 (0.9, 1.9)

 < 0.001

 BUN, (mg/dl)

28.0 (18.0, 45.0)

30.0 (20.0, 47.0)

26.0 (17.0, 44.0)

 < 0.001

 Potassium, (mmol/L)

4.2 (3.8, 4.6)

4.1 (3.7, 4.6)

4.2 (3.8, 4.7)

 < 0.001

 Sodium, (mmol/L)

138.0 (135.0, 141.0)

138.0 (135.0, 141.0)

139.0 (136.0, 141.0)

 < 0.001

 Chloride, (mmol/L)

102.0 (98.0, 106.0)

102.0 (98.0, 106.0)

103.0 (98.0, 107.0)

 < 0.001

Treatments, n (%)

 ACEI/ARB

4189 (16.4)

1435 (12.1)

2754 (20)

 < 0.001

 Beta-blockers

12,171 (47.6)

2690 (22.7)

9481 (69)

 < 0.001

 CCB

4612 (18.0)

881 (7.4)

3731 (27.1)

 < 0.001

 Diuretics

15,423 (60.3)

5144 (43.4)

10,279 (74.8)

 < 0.001

 Vasoactive agents

10,822 (42.3)

2143 (18.1)

8679 (63.1)

 < 0.001

 Hemodialysis

2234 (8.7)

626 (5.3)

1608 (11.7)

 < 0.001

 Mechanical ventilation

16,418 (64.2)

4101 (34.6)

12,317 (89.6)

 < 0.001

Mortality, n (%)

 In-hospital

3767 (14.7)

1511 (12.8)

2256 (16.4)

 < 0.001

 30-day

4427 (17.3)

1452 (12.3)

2975 (21.6)

 < 0.001

  1. ICU, intensive care unit; MIMIC-IV, medical information mart for intensive care IV; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SBPV, systolic blood pressure variability; DBP, biastolic blood pressure; DBPV, biastolic blood pressure variability; MBP, mean blood pressure; MBPV, mean blood pressure variability; ICU, intensive care unit; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; WBC, white blood cell; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; ACEI/ARB, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotension receptor blockers; CCB, calcium channel blocker.
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