Table 3 Associations between BPV and in-hospital, 30-day mortality after excluding missing data.

From: Blood pressure variability associated with in-hospital and 30-day mortality in heart failure patients: a multicenter cohort study

BPV

In-hospital mortality, OR (95% CI)

30-day mortality, HR (95% CI)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

SBPV*

1.59 (1.53–1.65)

1.59 (1.53–1.65)

1.62 (1.56–1.68)

1.54 (1.48–1.61)

1.41 (1.37–1.45)

1.4 (1.36–1.45)

1.42 (1.38–1.47)

1.37 (1.33–1.41)

SBPV quartiles

 Q1

(Reference)

(Reference)

(Reference)

(Reference)

(Reference)

(Reference)

(Reference)

(Reference)

 Q2

1.53 (1.34–1.75)

1.49 (1.3–1.7)

1.47 (1.28–1.68)

1.37 (1.19–1.57)

1.28 (1.15–1.42)

1.23 (1.1–1.37)

1.21 (1.09–1.35)

1.11 (1–1.24)

 Q3

2.17 (1.91–2.46)

2.11 (1.86–2.4)

2.06 (1.82–2.35)

1.87 (1.64–2.14)

1.64 (1.48–1.82)

1.58 (1.42–1.75)

1.53 (1.38–1.7)

1.39 (1.25–1.55)

 Q4

3.51 (3.12–3.96)

3.46 (3.06–3.91)

3.53 (3.12–3.99)

3.00 (2.63–3.42)

2.39 (2.16–2.63)

2.32 (2.1–2.56)

2.33 (2.11–2.57)

1.99 (1.8–2.2)

 DBPV*

1.26 (1.21–1.31)

1.22 (1.17–1.27)

1.23 (1.19–1.28)

1.19 (1.14–1.24)

1.23 (1.19–1.27)

1.17 (1.14–1.21)

1.18 (1.14–1.22)

1.15 (1.11–1.19)

DBPV quartiles

 Q1

(Reference)

(Reference)

(Reference)

(Reference)

(Reference)

(Reference)

(Reference)

(Reference)

 Q2

1.35 (1.2–1.52)

1.29 (1.15–1.46)

1.27 (1.12–1.43)

1.21 (1.07–1.38)

1.27 (1.14–1.4)

1.17 (1.14–1.21)

1.16 (1.05–1.29)

1.11 (1–1.23)

 Q3

1.51 (1.34–1.7)

1.42 (1.27–1.6)

1.4 (1.24–1.58)

1.3 (1.15–1.48)

1.38 (1.25–1.53)

1.2 (1.08–1.32)

1.23 (1.11–1.37)

1.15 (1.04–1.28)

 Q4

1.89 (1.69–2.12)

1.71 (1.52–1.92)

1.73 (1.53–1.95)

1.57 (1.38–1.78)

1.75 (1.59–1.93)

1.26 (1.14–1.4)

1.5 (1.35–1.66)

1.4 (1.26–1.54)

 MBPV*

1.43 (1.38–1.48)

1.42 (1.36–1.47)

1.45 (1.4–1.51)

1.41 (1.35–1.47)

1.32 (1.28–1.36)

1.3 (1.26–1.34)

1.33 (1.29–1.37)

1.30 (1.26–1.35)

MBPV quartiles

 Q1

(Reference)

(Reference)

(Reference)

(Reference)

(Reference)

(Reference)

(Reference)

(Reference)

 Q2

1.45 (1.28–1.64)

1.41 (1.25–1.6)

1.4 (1.23–1.58)

1.38 (1.21–1.58)

1.32 (1.19–1.46)

1.27 (1.15–1.41)

1.26 (1.14–1.4)

1.25 (1.13–1.39)

 Q3

1.61 (1.43–1.82)

1.56 (1.38–1.76)

1.55 (1.37–1.76)

1.48 (1.3–1.68)

1.39 (1.25–1.54)

1.31 (1.18–1.45)

1.3 (1.17–1.44)

1.26 (1.13–1.39)

 Q4

2.48 (2.21–2.78)

2.39 (2.12–2.68)

2.49 (2.21–2.8)

2.34 (2.06–2.65)

2 (1.82–2.21)

1.87 (1.69–2.06)

1.95 (1.77–2.15)

1.86 (1.68–2.05)

  1. BPV, blood pressure variability; SBPV, systolic blood pressure variability; DBPV, diastolic blood pressure variability; MBPV, mean blood pressure variability; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; Ref, reference.
  2. * SBPV, DBPV, and MBPV as continuous variables are standardized (z-transformed). Model 1 adjusted for none;
  3. Model 2 adjusted for covariates included in demographics;
  4. Model 3 adjusted for Model 2 plus covariates included in vital signs and comorbidities; Model 4 adjusted for Model 3 plus covariates included in laboratory tests and treatments.
  5. Plus covariates included in laboratory tests and treatments.
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