Table 2 Hurst exponent values for decomposed components using EWT, EMD, and EEFO-VMD.

From: A parameter adaptive EEFO VMD method to mitigate noise and trend interference of blast vibration signals

Hurst index

EMD

EWT

EEFO-VMD

u1(t)

0.228

0.264

0.271

u2(t)

0.291

0.284

0.397

u3(t)

0.512

0.451

0.519

u4(t)

0.561

0.565

0.581

u5(t)

0.548

0.617

0.629

u6(t)

0.801

0.548

 

u7(t)

0.917

  

u8(t)

0.933

  
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