Table 7 Mean ratio of decomposed components (u-components) to the original signal after trend removal.

From: A parameter adaptive EEFO VMD method to mitigate noise and trend interference of blast vibration signals

Mean ratios

EEFO-VMD

ξ1

2.415 × 10−2

ξ2

3.654 × 10−2

ξ3

3.477 × 10−4

ξ4

5.654 × 10−3

ξ5

1.155 × 10−2

ξ6

6.464 × 10−2

ξ7

4.977 × 10−3

ξ8

4.421 × 10−1

ξ9

9.117 × 10−1

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