Fig. 3 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 3

From: Microbial allies recruited by Bacillus subtilis JCK-1398 to defend pine trees against pinewood nematode

Fig. 3

Impact of Bacillus subtilis JCK-1398 on the diversity of microbiota associated with pine wood nematodes. (A) Alpha diversity metrics (ASV count, Chao1, Gini-Simpson, and Shannon index) of the nematode-associated microbiota, comparing treatments with and without B. subtilis JCK-1398. Error bars represent standard deviations (n = 4), and significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05) are indicated by different letters above the bars. (B) Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) plots showing the beta diversity of nematode-associated microbiota based on unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances, highlighting differences in microbial community structure between treatments.

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